1. Chapter 11 – Fossil Fuels

2. Energy Information Association

3. Cost KWH

4. Coal Creation 360-290MYA Carboniferous Period

5. Coal Types 1. Lignite (Lowest Quality) Carbon content low Low Sulfur 2. Subbituminous Coal Carbon content medium Lowest sulfur content - power plants 3. Bituminous Coal Carbon content high High sulfur content Most plentiful form of coal in the United States 4. Anthracite (Highest Quality) Carbon content highest Low sulfur content Limited Supply

6. Coal Reserves

7. Coal Two basic types of Coal Mining: 1) Subsurface (underground) 2) Surface

8. Two Strategies

9. Long Wall & Pillar Mining

10. Underground Black Lung Disease

11. China

12. Size Matters

13. Powder River Strip Mining

14. Strip or Highwall Mining

15. Extraction 1.Soil Removed 2.Overburden Removed 3.Coal Removed 4.Recontouring - reclamation 5.Soil Replaced - reclamation 6.Revegetation - ongoing Overburden becomes Spoil Bank Overburden VS Tailings

16. Mountain Top Removal http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHzDkgJVZa8

17. A Ton of Coal

18. Coal Pollution In order of Quantity CO 2 SO 2 PM 10 No x CO Hydrocarbons VOC’s Hg – Mercury As - Arsenic Pb - Lead Contributes to: 1.Acid Rain 2.Smog 3.Global Climate Change Greatest producer of CO 2 of any fossil fuel

19. Clean Coal = Healthy Cigarette Clean Coal Scrubbers Fluidized-bed combustion Liquid Coal Carbon Sequestering SO x and NO x reduced

20. Clean Coal = Carbon Sequestering

21. Coals Future