1. CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
THE 6 KINGDOMS

2. What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

3. Kingdom Bacteria Where are bacteria found? Fun Facts
Members of this kingdom are found in soil, water, and other living things
Fun Facts
Bacteria are believed to have been living on Earth for more than 3.5. billion years
This kingdom has more individuals in it than all the other kingdoms combined
A handful of dirt contains trillions of bacteria

4. Kingdom Bacteria Prokaryotic
All bacteria are single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus!
What do we call organisms with these characteristics?
Bacteria have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan.
Prokaryotic

5. Genetic material
Cell Membrane

6. Kingdom Bacteria Some bacteria move with the help of flagellum.
Most bacteria cannot move on their own. They are carried from place to place by the air, water currents, objects or other methods.

7. Kingdom Bacteria Bacteria can be one of three main shapes.
Rod-shaped (bacilli)
Spherical-shaped ( cocci)
Spiral-shaped (spirilla)

8. Kingdom Bacteria
Different types of bacteria are classified by how they get their food
Autotrophic—make their own food using the energy from the sunlight (most of these bacteria are green) or they use energy from chemicals in their environment
Heterotrophic—eat other organisms or the food that other organisms make
Decomposers—feed on dead organisms

9. Kingdom Bacteria Reproduce by Binary Fission
Binary Fission is reproduction where one bacteria duplicates its genetic material and then splits into 2 separate cells
Binary Fission is a type of asexual reproduction where the new cell is identical to the parent

10. Kingdom Bacteria Some bacteria reproduce sexually through conjugation
Two parents
One bacterium transfers some of its genetic material to another bacterium
Offspring are genetically different from parents

11. Kingdom Bacteria
When conditions are unfavorable for growth bacteria can form endospores.
An endospore is a dormant, tough, non-reproductive structure produced by a small number of bacteria
The primary function of most endospores is to ensure the survival of a bacterium through periods of environmental stress.
They are therefore resistant to ultraviolet and gamma radiation, desiccation, lysozyme, temperature, starvation, and chemical disinfectants.
Endospores are commonly found in soil and water, where they may survive for long periods of time

12. Kingdom Bacteria Role in nature
99% of bacteria are not harmful to humans
Some bacteria can use the sun’s energy to make their own food.
Bacteria help produce foods such as cheese, apple cider, and sauerkraut.
Bacteria cause food to spoil

13. Kingdom Bacteria Role in Nature cont.
Some are decomposers which break down large chemicals into smaller ones
Some can even clean up oil spills and gasoline leaks

14. Can Bacteria Help US? Bacteria help us Digest food Make vitamins
Prevent harmful bacteria from attaching to the intestines
They even help people with diabetes! Insulin-making bacteria are grown in labs and the insulin they produce is made into medicine.

15. Kingdom Archaebacteria

16. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Where are archaea found?
Most organisms in this kingdom are found in extreme environments, such as hot springs
Can be found in ponds and swamps
Most archaea prefer environments with little or no oxygen

17. Kingdom Archaebacteria
All archaea are prokaryotic organisms
They reproduce using binary fission

18. Kingdom Archaebacteria
There are 3 main types of archaea
Heat Lovers—live in extremely hot water like that found in ocean vents and hot springs
Salt Lovers-- live in environments with high levels of salt (ex. Dead Sea and Great Salt Lake)
Methane Makers—live in swamps and animal intestines; give off methane gases

19. Bacteria vs. Archaebacteria
Archaea are very different from bacteria
Not all archaea have cell walls like bacteria
When an archaea does have a cell wall, it is chemically different from that of a bacteria—it does not contain peptidoglycan