2. Social Responsibility “Areas” Risk –Environment (local and global) Sustainability –Use / indefinitely Protection –Pollution (Air, Water, Ground) –Non-human life –Human Rights Child Labor Slavery Working conditions –Safety –Community Service Good Neighbor Philanthropy / Altruism Healthcare

3. Social Responsibility Social “Obligation –Profit without breaking laws Increase shareholder wealth –Economic maximization Social Responsiveness –Satisfy stakeholders “Reasonable” –As established by government? Social Responsibility –Make the world “better”

6. Social Responsibility Eliminating corrupt, irresponsible or unethical behavior that might bring harm to the community, its people, or the environment –Before the behavior happens Better to be proactive towards a problem rather than reactive to a problem Positive Action or to refrain from Action –What we “will do,” or –What we “won’t do”

7. Is it an “anthropogenic” issue? Industry –Release of gases and dust into the atmosphere. –Waste disposal practices. –Air pollution, water pollution. Agriculture –Conversion of woodlands into fields and pastures including slash- and-burn techniques. –Diversion of surface and groundwater. –Ground water salinization due to inadequate drainage. –Pollution of soil and water by chemicals found in fertilizer and pesticides. –dirty or unclean water Mining –Removal of topsoil and creation of spoil piles. –Diversion of groundwater by mine shafts. –Surface runoff bearing mining wastes. –Release of air pollution by refining processes.

8. Transportation –Diversion of surface water flow by roadways. –Vehicular air pollution. –Roadway noise, aircraft noise and transit noise. Construction –Removal of natural habitats by grading and building –Diversion of groundwater. –Filling in marshes, baylands, swamps, ponds, stream beds. Habitations –Concentration of human activities in discrete zones. –Concentration of waste products, sewage, and debris. Is it an “anthropogenic” issue? (cont)

9. Four Domains of Sustainability Social Economic –Formal and informal economies Environmental, and Institutional –Policy and capacity issues

10. Environmental Sustainability “…meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Brundtland Commission, 1983)

12. Environmental / Social Responsibility Moral Perspectives Environmental Ethics –Ecological approach Nonhuman parts deserve to be preserved for their own sake –Deep Ecology Blackstone’s Ethics of “Rights” –Environmental approach Right to a “liveable environment” –Absolute rights Utilitarian Perspective –Market approach External costs violate utility, rights, and justice –Internal / External Costs

13. Environmental / Social Responsibility Three areas of concerns 1.Pollution 2.Depletion 3.Poverty The Extent of impact and possibilities of recourse are economically correlated Prevention Stewardship ESI (Environmental Sustainability Index) http://sedac.ciesin.org/es/esi/ http://sedac.ciesin.org/es/esi/

26. http://www.eco-portal.com/ Also see top 25 “Green” Companies at: http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/toplists/top25.htm http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/toplists/top25.htm