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Tidal and Wave Energy By: Patrick Blomberg Adam Womack
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How it Works – Tidal Barrages Tidal Barrages Dam an estuary As water flows out or in, a turbine is spun Electricity is generated by the turbine
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How it Works – Tidal Barrages
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from http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/01-02/RE_info/tidal1.htm)http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/01-02/RE_info/tidal1.htm How it Works – Tidal Barrages
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How it Works - Wave Energy Many experimental technologies Example: Pelamis Project from http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/wave/wave.asphttp://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/wave/wave.asp
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How it Works - Wave Energy Offshore Turbines Have gearboxes, anchored by a monopile from http://www.marineturbines.com/technical.htmhttp://www.marineturbines.com/technical.htm
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How it Works - Wave Energy Swanturbines No gearboxes, anchored by concrete from http://www.swanturbines.co.uk
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How it Works - Wave Energy from http://www.worldenergy.org/wec-geis/publications/reports/ser/wave/wave.asp
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Environmental – Tidal Barrages Under Construction – –Essentially the barrage is a dam –Stagnating water –Increase in pollutants –Given time, returns to normal
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Environmental – Tidal Barrages After Construction –Tidal height changed Decrease in mud flats area during low tide Unpredictable effect on bird migration (30-50%) Outside high tide increase; excess flow –Turbidity decreases Increase in phytoplankton Unpredictable changes to food chain –Sediment gradient altered Severn Estuary Solution
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Environmental – Wave Energy Blade Speed 10-20 rpm –Boat propeller up to 10x faster Monopile/Concrete –Easily Avoided Other Designs –Stationary, surface Vortex –Unsure, expected to be avoided Image from: http://www.marineturbines.com/home.htm
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Economic – Tidal Barrages Historical Example – Rance Estuary –Cost about 530 Million Euros in today’s costs, not including inflation in mid 60’s –240 MW output –Estimated energy cost (Not including startup) 18 cents Euro / kW Nuklear estimated similarly at 25/kW
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Economic – Tidal Barrages Severn Estuary –Estimated $12-16 million construction About 3 Nuclear plants –8640 MW Output About 8 Nucler plants –Running costs about 1.5x Nuclear –Estimated lifespan – 120 years Nuclear is about 60 Alternate Design - Lifts
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Economic – Wave Energy MCT – About $16 million US –Plotted Velocities –300 kW design –1 MW design Other Estimates –‘Cheaper than tidal’ –‘About the same as wind’
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Conclusions Wave Energy –More area for utilization –Promising research –Potential for higher than 10% of world need Tidal Barrages –Widely varying environmental impact –Expensive, but long lasting –Very placement specific
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Questions?
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