1. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 THE OPPORTUNITIES OF HUNGARIAN WIND ENERGY Álvaro Rodrigues September 2008

2. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08. Renewable Energy Sources - Wind Energy. Renewables and electricity. Wind Energy in Europe – Hungary / Portugal. The “ingredients” for a wind farm project. Y do we care so much about wind?. Wind velocity, wind turbines and productivity. Uncertainty in resource evaluation and production estimates Summary

3. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 WIND WAVES BIOMASS WASTES PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR THERMAL TIDAL HYDRO GEOTHERMAL Renewable Energy Sources WIND

4. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Renewables and electricity Biomass Tidal Hydro Wind Mechanical energy Electricity Thermal energy Chemical energy OTEC Atm. air Radiation Waves Nuclear Geothermal PV

5. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Wind energy – annual growth

6. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Wind energy in Europe - 2007 112 MW

7. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Portugal / Hungary 92 391 km2 10 617 575 inh ~11,0 GW ~ 8,5 GW 93 030 km2 10 064 000 inh ~8,5 GW ~6,5 GW

8. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Installed capacities Hungary Portugal 124,950 112,075

9. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 by 2012, 45% of the electricity consumption are to be provided by renewables considering the estimated growth of demand considering the contributions from other sources it will be necessary to get ~ 5 700 MW from wind ! Portugal – the target

10. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 NovEnergia II Hungary

11. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Wind / wind resource maps

12. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 LAND WIND GRID TECHNOLOGY Wind farms - the “ingredients”

13. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 LAND WIND GRID TECHNOLOGY … processing … done !!!

14. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Site selection Contacts with local authorities Negotiations for the land (rental or acquisition) Wind measuring campaign Environmental studies Electrical connection study Wind resource assessment Project definition Development of a wind energy project

15. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 [Manufacturer pre-selection (WECs)] Projects (main access, power line) Call for tenders Offer selection / negotiation / contract Detailed projects Construction Commissioning Follow up and performance verification Development of a wind energy project

16. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Measuring the wind Why? Where? What? How? How long?

17. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Why measuring the wind? For a 2 MW (  ≈ 80 m ) WEC

18. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Measuring effort

19. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 What to measure? Wind velocity [m/s] Frequency [%] Direction and velocity  air  Atmospheric pressure | ambient temperature | air humidity

20. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Which wind characteristics? Wind velocity [m/s] Height a.g.l. [m] Positive shear factor Negative shear factor Shear factor [ V / V 0 = (h / h 0 )  ]

21. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Wind velocity, wind turbines and productivity for 5,5 m/s at 60 m agl

22. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Which wind characteristics? Wind velocity [m/s] Turbulence intensity [%] Turbulence intensity [ I =  / V  ]

23. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 How long shell a measuring campaign last? Monthly average velocity [m/s] Power flux [W/m2] Seasonal variability Monthly average velocity [m/s]Power flux [W/m2]

24. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Inter-annual variability Annual average velocity [m/s] How long shell a measuring campaign last?

25. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Uncertainty in production estimates

26. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Uncertainty in production estimates

27. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 Exceedence probabilities 2300 hfc 2005 hfc 1857 hfc

28. NovEnergia II Technical Bureau - Sep08 That’s what we are looking for