1. Parallel Structure

2. Parallel structure (also called parallelism) is the repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence.
By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create a parallel construction.

3. Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps. Parallel:
Example
Not Parallel:
Ellen likes hiking, the rodeo, and to take afternoon naps.
Parallel:
Ellen likes hiking, attending the rodeo, and taking afternoon naps.

4. With Coordinating Conjunctions
When you connect two or more clauses or phrases with a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so).
Not Parallel:
My best friend took me dancing and to a show.
Parallel:
My best friend took me to a dance and a show.

5. With Correlative Conjunctions
When you connect two clauses or phrases with a correlative conjunction (not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, if…then, etc.).
Not Parallel:
My dog not only likes to play fetch, but also chase cars.
Parallel:
My dog not only likes to play fetch, but he also likes to chase cars.

6. With Phrases or Clauses of Comparison
When you connect two clauses or phrases with a word of comparison: than or as.
Not Parallel:
I like swimming better than to dive.
Parallel:
I like swimming better than diving.

7. With Lists When you are comparing items in a list. Not Parallel:
The tribes emphasized collective survival, mutual aid, and being responsible for one another.
Parallel:
The tribes emphasized collective survival, mutual aid, and responsibility for one another.

8. Not Parallel:
Your company and what its potential is are of great value to me.
Parallel:
Your company and its potential are of great value to me.
Clara not only wants money but also fame
Clara not only wants money but also wants fame.

9. Not Parallel:
Paula went to work, a restaurant, and to the movies.
Parallel:
Paula went to work, to a restaurant, and to the movies.
Raoul's GPA is higher than Ralph.
Raoul's GPA is higher than Ralph's.

10. Not Parallel:
Professor Ali rewarded his students for their hard work on the final project and going beyond the call of duty.
Parallel:
Professor Ali rewarded his students for working hard on the final project and going beyond the call of duty.
Coach Adams was a brilliant strategist, a caring mentor, and friend.
Coach Adams was a brilliant strategist, a caring mentor, and a wise friend.

11. Practice
Phuong Tran has wit, charm, and she has an extremely pleasant personality.
In English class, Mona learned to read poems critically and she appreciated good prose.
He wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make good friends, and learning about life.
Mr. Nguyen kept his store clean, neat, and he made it conveniently arranged.
Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method, while now the laboratory method is employed.

12. Parallel ( answer key)
1)Phuong Tran has wit, charm, and a pleasing personality.
2) In English class, Mona learned to read poems critically and to appreciate good prose.
3) He wanted three things out of college: to learn a skill, to make good friends, and to learn about life.
4) Mr. Nguyen kept his store clean, neat, and conveniently arranged.
5) Formerly, science was taught by the textbook method; now it is taught by the laboratory method.