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Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Paula, a diabetes nurse, teaches.

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Presentation on theme: "Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Paula, a diabetes nurse, teaches."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Paula, a diabetes nurse, teaches Kate to test her blood glucose levels before and after a meal. Paula explains to her that her pre-meal number should be 110 mg/dL or less, and if it increases by more than 50 mg/dL, she needs to lower the amount of carbohydrates she consumes. Chapter 13 Carbohydrates

2 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Core Chemistry Skills Identifying Functional Groups (12.1) Naming Alcohols and Phenols (12.1) Naming Aldehydes and Ketones (12.3) Writing Equations for the Dehydration and Oxidation of Alcohols (12.4) Chapter 13 Readiness

3 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. 13.1 Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are a major source of energy from our diet made from the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen also called saccharides, which means “sugars” Learning Goal Classify a monosaccharide as an aldose or a ketose, and indicate the number of carbon atoms.

4 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Carbohydrates Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are produced by photosynthesis in plants are synthesized in plants from CO 2, H 2 O, and energy from the sun are oxidized in living cells to produce CO 2, H 2 O, and energy

5 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Carbohydrates The types of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, the simplest carbohydrates disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharides polysaccharides, which contain many monosaccharides

6 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Monosaccharides consist of three to eight carbon chains with one carbon in a carbonyl group containing an aldehyde group are classified as an aldoses containing a ketone group are classified as a ketoses have hydroxyl groups on all carbons except the carbonyl carbon

7 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Monosaccharides Monosaccharides are also classified by the number of carbon atoms present. triose (three C atoms)tetrose (four C atoms) pentose (five C atoms)hexose (six C atoms) An aldopentose is a five-carbon saccharide with an aldehyde group. A ketohexose is a six-carbon saccharide with a ketone group.

8 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Types of Monosaccharides

9 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Study Check Identify each as aldo or keto and as tetrose, pentose, or hexose. A. B.

10 Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, Twelfth Edition© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Solution Identify each as aldo or keto and as tetrose, pentose, or hexose. A. aldohexose B. ketopentose

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