1. Anatomy of the Muscular System Anatomy & Physiology

2. Skeletal Muscle Structure Endomysium: connective tissue membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers or cells Endomysium: connective tissue membrane that surrounds individual muscle fibers or cells Fascicles: groups of skeletal muscle fibers Fascicles: groups of skeletal muscle fibers Perimysium: connective tissue membrane surrounding fascicles Perimysium: connective tissue membrane surrounding fascicles Epimysium: connective tissue membrane around muscle as a whole Epimysium: connective tissue membrane around muscle as a whole

3. Skeletal Muscle Structure

4. Attachment to bones Tendons: strong touch cord Tendons: strong touch cord Aponeurosis: broad flat sheet of connective tissue Aponeurosis: broad flat sheet of connective tissue

5. Fascia Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the muscle organ & tendon Fibrous connective tissue surrounding the muscle organ & tendon

6. Attachment of Skeletal Muscles Origin: point of attachment that doesn’t move when muscle contracts Origin: point of attachment that doesn’t move when muscle contracts Insertion: point of attachment that moves when muscles contract Insertion: point of attachment that moves when muscles contract

7. Muscle Actions Agonist (prime mover) Agonist (prime mover) Antagonist Antagonist Synergist Synergist Fixator Fixator

8. Agonist and antagonist Agonist: muscle or group of muscles that that directly perform a specific movement Agonist: muscle or group of muscles that that directly perform a specific movement Antagonist: muscles that oppose a prime mover or agonist. Relaxed when agonist when contracts Antagonist: muscles that oppose a prime mover or agonist. Relaxed when agonist when contracts

9. Synergist & Fixator Synergists: muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover. They complement prime mover actions. Synergists: muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover. They complement prime mover actions. Fixator: generally function as joint stabilizers. Serve to maintain posture or balance. Fixator: generally function as joint stabilizers. Serve to maintain posture or balance.

10. How muscles are named Location: biceps, brachii Location: biceps, brachii Function: adductor, longus Function: adductor, longus Shape: trapezius Shape: trapezius Direction of fibers: rectus, abdominus Direction of fibers: rectus, abdominus Number of heads: biceps, brachii Number of heads: biceps, brachii Points of attachment: sternocleidomastoid Points of attachment: sternocleidomastoid Size: gluteus, maximus Size: gluteus, maximus

11. GO TO: Muscle labeling slides GO TO: Muscle labeling slides

12. Muscles of the Head Muscles of facial expression Muscles of facial expression Occipitofrontalis #6 Occipitofrontalis #6 Orbicularis oris #4 Orbicularis oris #4 Orbicularis oculi #2 Orbicularis oculi #2 Zygomaticus #3 Zygomaticus #3 Buccinator Buccinator Muscles of Mastication Muscles of Mastication Massester #15 Temporalis #1

13. Muscles of the Neck Sternocleidomastoid #16 front view Sternocleidomastoid #16 front view Trapezius #6 back view Trapezius #6 back view

15. Muscles of the Thorax Internal intercostals Internal intercostals External intercostals External intercostals Diaphragm Diaphragm

16. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall External oblique #17 front External oblique #17 front Internal oblique #9 front Internal oblique #9 front Tranversus abdominus Tranversus abdominus Rectus abdominus #8 front Rectus abdominus #8 front

17. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

18. Biceps brachii Flexes forearm Flexes forearm # 7 front view # 7 front view

19. Triceps brachii Extends the lower arm Extends the lower arm #8 back view #8 back view

20. Pectoralis #5 front view #5 front view

21. Deltoids #6 front view #6 front view

22. Serratus anterior #23 front view #23 front view

23. Teres major #12 back view #12 back view

24. Brachialis

25. Pronator # 24, front view # 24, front view

26. Bachioradialis #25 front view #25 front view

27. Flexor carpi ulnaris

28. Flexor carpi radialis #26 front view #26 front view

29. Gluteus maximus #1, back view

30. Gluteus medius #11 back view #11 back view

31. Pectineus #27 front view #27 front view

32. Gracilis #11 front view #11 front view

33. Sartorius #12 front view #12 front view

34. Adductor magnus #2 back view #2 back view #10 front view #10 front view

35. Rectus femoris #19 front view #19 front view

36. Vastus lateralis #20 front view #20 front view

37. Vastus medialis #21 front view #21 front view

38. Vastus intermedius

39. Biceps femoris #3 back view #3 back view

40. Semimembranosus

41. Semitendinosus #4 back view #4 back view

42. Peroneus #22 front view #22 front view

43. Tibialis anterior #13 front view #13 front view

44. Soleus #13 back view #13 back view

45. Gastrocnemius #5 back view #5 back view

46. Image Citations Slide 3: Structure of skeletal muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm Slide 3: Structure of skeletal muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm http://www.people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes3.htm Slide 4, 8, 13: Slide 4, 8, 13: Slide 6: muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm Slide 6: muscle, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20Anatomy%20of%20a%20Muscle.htm Slide 17: Biceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sl d004.htm Slide 17: Biceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sl d004.htm http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sl d004.htm http://homepages.utoledo.edu/smcgreg2/ANTMUSCLE/sl d004.htm Slide 18: Triceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii Slide 18: Triceps brachii, 11/5/06, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triceps_brachii Slide 19: Pectoralis major, 11/5/06, http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html Slide 19: Pectoralis major, 11/5/06, http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html http://www.exrx.net/Muscles/PectoralisSternal.html

47. Image Citations Slide 20: Deltoids, 11/5/06, http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20C ells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm Slide 20: Deltoids, 11/5/06, http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20C ells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20C ells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/science/Biology%20C ells/Muscle/Kids%20Muscles/Shoulder/Shoulder.htm Slide 21: Serratus anterior, 11/5/06, http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z% C4%99baty_przedni Slide 21: Serratus anterior, 11/5/06, http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z% C4%99baty_przedni http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z% C4%99baty_przedni http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C4%99sie%C5%84_z% C4%99baty_przedni Slide 22: Teres major, 11/5/06, http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersana tomy1.htm Slide 22: Teres major, 11/5/06, http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersana tomy1.htm http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersana tomy1.htm http://www.abcbodybuilding.com/anatomy/shouldersana tomy1.htm Slide 23: Brachialis, 11/5/06, http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/ brachial_anterieur.htm Slide 23: Brachialis, 11/5/06, http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/ brachial_anterieur.htm http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/ brachial_anterieur.htm http://www.letempledelaforme.com/anatomie/anatomie/ brachial_anterieur.htm Slide 24: Pronator teres, 11/5/06, http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/pronatorteres.html Slide 24: Pronator teres, 11/5/06, http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/pronatorteres.html http://www.rad.washington.edu/atlas/pronatorteres.html

48. Image Citations Slide 25 & 26: Brachioradialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm Slide 25 & 26: Brachioradialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm Slide 27: Flexor carpi radialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm Slide 27: Flexor carpi radialis, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20 Notes%20J%20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Arm.htm Slide 28: Gluteal muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml Slide 28: Gluteal muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml Slide 29: Gluteus medius, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml Slide 29: Gluteus medius, 11/5/06, http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml http://www.audreysmassage.com/featurepage/gluteal.ht ml Slide 30: Diagram of pectineus m, 11/5/06, http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lu cywebsite/pectineus1.html Slide 30: Diagram of pectineus m, 11/5/06, http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lu cywebsite/pectineus1.html http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lu cywebsite/pectineus1.html http://summit.stanford.edu/ourwork/PROJECTS/LUCY/lu cywebsite/pectineus1.html

49. Image Citations Slide 31: Anterior hip muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.answers.com/topic/gracilis-muscle Slide 31: Anterior hip muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.answers.com/topic/gracilis-muscle http://www.answers.com/topic/gracilis-muscle Slide 32: Sartorius, 11/5/06, http://www.sportandsupport.nl/sartorius.html Slide 32: Sartorius, 11/5/06, http://www.sportandsupport.nl/sartorius.html http://www.sportandsupport.nl/sartorius.html Slide 33: Adductor magnus and longus, 11/5/06, http://courses.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/205.html Slide 33: Adductor magnus and longus, 11/5/06, http://courses.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/205.html http://courses.washington.edu/hubio553/atlas/205.html Slide 34: Rectus femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.h tm Slide 34: Rectus femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.h tm http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.h tm http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig01.h tm Slide 35: Vastus lateralis, 11/5/06, http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/a b2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110 Slide 35: Vastus lateralis, 11/5/06, http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/a b2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110 http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/a b2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110 http://myphlip.pearsoncmg.com/altproducts/drugguide/a b2page.cfm?vbcid=6645&vid=1110 Slide 36: Vastus medialis, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.h tm Slide 36: Vastus medialis, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.h tm http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.h tm http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig03.h tm

50. Image Citations Slide 37: Vastus intermedius, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htm Slide 37: Vastus intermedius, 11/5/06, http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htm http://www.sante.cc/electro/dossiers/quadrifemo/fig04.htm Slide 38: Biceps femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171 Slide 38: Biceps femoris, 11/5/06, http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171 http://www.gomotion.dk/pe1.asp?p_id=171 Slide 39: Hamstring muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.html Slide 39: Hamstring muscles, 11/5/06, http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.html http://www.gla.ac.uk/ibls/fab/tutorial/anatomy/thight.html Slide 40: Semitendinosus, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J %20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm Slide 40: Semitendinosus, 11/5/06, http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J %20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J %20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/Notes/API%20Notes%20J %20%20Muscles%20of%20the%20Leg.htm Slide 41: Peroneus, 11/5/06, http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e- anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF Slide 41: Peroneus, 11/5/06, http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e- anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e- anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF http://biking.taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp/~takai/Anatomy/e- anatomy/GR/peroneus.l.GIF Slide 42: diagram of tibialis anterior, 11/5/06, http://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.php Slide 42: diagram of tibialis anterior, 11/5/06, http://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.php http://vancouvermassage.ca/articles/spot-03.php

51. Image Citations Slide 43: soleus, 11/5/06, http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291- 003/unit_8.htm Slide 43: soleus, 11/5/06, http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291- 003/unit_8.htm http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291- 003/unit_8.htm http://www.courses.vcu.edu/DANC291- 003/unit_8.htm Gastrocnemius, 11/5/06, http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihaskudokset Gastrocnemius, 11/5/06, http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihaskudokset http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihaskudokset