1. Unit V - Movement Muscle Movement Biomechanics
Chapter 10

2. Muscle Functions Movement Stability
Urinary system 0.7%
Respiratory system 1.7%
Nervous system 2%
Digestive system 6%
Lymphatic system 0.3%
Reproductive system 0.15%
Endocrine system 0.15%
Cardiovascular system 9%
Integumentary
system
16%
Skeletal
20%
Muscular system
44%
Movement
Stability
Center of gravity is low and centered
Lower lumbar area
Control of openings and passageways
Heat production

3. Connective Tissues of Muscle
Perimysium
Muscle
fascicle
Endomysium
Epimysium
Nerve
Muscle fibers
Blood vessels
Muscle fiber
and nerves
Tendon
Capillary
Myofibril
Myosatellite cells
Axon of neuron
Endomysium
Fascicles
Perimysium
Epimysium
Fascia

4. Deep and Superficial Fascia
Tendon
Deep fascia
Epimysium
Perimysium
Superficial Fascia
Fascicle
Endomysium
Deep Fascia

5. Attachment to Bone Two forms: Direct (fleshy) attachment
Ex. intercostal muscles
Indirect attachment
E.x. biceps brachii
Aponeurosis
E.x. scalp, abdominal, lumbar, hand and foot muscles
Retinaceum
E.x. wrist

6. General Anatomy of Muscles
Origins
Origins
Origin
stationary attachment
Insertion
mobile attachment
Belly
thicker, middle region
Humerus
Scapula
Bellies
Extensors:
Flexors:
Triceps brachii
Biceps brachii
Long head
Brachialis
Lateral head
Insertion
Radius
Insertion
Ulna

7. 4 Types of Muscles Classified according to their actions:
Prime mover or agonist
E.x. biceps brachii when elbow is flexed
Synergist
E.x. brachioradialis in flexing the elbow
Antagonist
E.x. triceps brachii in flexing the elbow
Fixator
E.x. muscles attached to scapula prevent its movement when biceps brachii contracts
MUSCLES CANNOT PUSH – ONLY PULL!

8. 5 Types of Muscles Based on orientation of fascicles:
Pennate
Sphincter
Temporalis
(Quadriceps)
Sartorius
Masseter
Gastrocnemius
Orbicularis oris

9. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Muscles
Intrinsic muscles (hand)
Extrinsic muscles
Seen in tongue, larynx, back, hands, and feet

10. Names of Muscles Terms used to name muscles
levator = elevates a body part
Inferior = bottom
quadriceps = having 4 heads
sternocleidomastoid = bones attached to

11. Biomechanics
Lever – an elongated, rigid object that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum. Rotation occurs when an effort applied to one point on the lever overcomes a resistance at some other point.
fulcrum – joint
effort – applied by a muscle
resistance – an object the body is working against
Mechanical Advantage (MA) – ratio of its output force to its input force
MA = LE/ LR LE = the length of the effort arm
LR = the length of the resistance arm
If MA > 1.0 the lever produces more force but has less speed or distance
If MA < 1.0 the lever produces more speed or distance but less force

12. Types of Levers First Class
Fulcrum is in the middle
Atlanto-occipital joint

13. The resistance is in the middle
Types of Levers
Second Class
The resistance is in the middle
Mandible

14. Types of Levers Third Class
The effort is applied in the middle
The forearm when flexing the elbow

15. Range of Motion Degrees through which a joint can move Determined by:
structure of the articular surfaces
strength and tautness of ligaments, tendons and joint capsule
action of the muscles and tendons
Resting muscle maintains a state of tension – muscle tone

16. Final Exam! Unit V: Chapters: 4, 9, 10
Lab: muscle tissue and manual questions
names of muscles and action produced (lab pgs )
OR:
Cumulative: (same amount of points)
First 4 units -
tests, quizzes, in class review questions
Unit 5 Lab: muscle tissue and manual questions