1. Understanding Energy Transformations 1

2. » What are groups of similar cells called? » What are the 4 basic types of tissue in animals? » Tissues 1.Epithelial 2.Connective 3.Nervous 4.Muscle 2

3. 3 » Define: » Examples: » Cells that line/cover internal & external body structures; includes glands » Skin » Linings of blood vessels » Lining of digestive tract

4. 4 » Functions: » Protect tissues beneath » Absorption of gases & nutrients » Secretion of substances » Provide sensation

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6. 6 » Define: » Characteristics come from: » What is the extracellular matrix? » Provides support for the body & connects its parts » The extracellular matrix » Non-living tissue that surrounds/supports living cells

7. 7 » Examples:1.Blood 2.Bone 3.Ligaments/tendons 4.Cartilage 5.Adipose (fat) 6.Mesenteries

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9. 9 » What is the matrix of blood? » What are the living cells of blood? » Plasma – fluid part of blood; makes up 55% of blood volume » Red blood cells » White blood cells » Platelets

10. 10 » What is the matrix of bone? » What are the living cells of bone? » Collagen protein » Calcium Phosphate » Osteocytes

11. 11 » What is the matrix of cartilage? » What are the living cells of cartilage? » Collagen protein » Elastin fibers » Chondrocytes

12. 12 »W»Why does bone heal so quickly? »W»Why does cartilage heal slowly/not at all? »L»Large blood supply »N»No blood supply

13. 13 » Define: » Examples: » Tissue that transmits nerve impulses throughout body » Brain » Spinal Cord » Sensory & motor neurons

14. 14 » Define: » Examples: » Tissue that is made of “excitable” cells that are capable of contraction » Most abundant tissue type in most animals » Skeletal » Smooth » Cardiac

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16. 16 » Function of system: » Relationship to aerobic cell respiration: » Brings about the exchange of O 2 and CO 2 between the blood, the air & the tissues of an organism » Provides O 2 to the cells so that glucose can be broken down/converted to ATP

17. 17 » What is cellular metabolism? » Importance of respiratory system to cellular metabolism: » The chemical processes occurring with a living cell that are necessary for the maintenance of life » Provides oxygen for the conversion of glucose to ATP to power the chemical processes

18. 18 » What is anabolism? » Energy is: » Example: » The building of larger molecules from smaller ones » Used » Photosynthesis

19. 19 » What is catabolism? » Energy is: » Example: » The breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones » Released » Aerobic cellular respiration

20. 20 » What are the main organs? » Actual place of gas exchange in lungs: » Other structures: » Lungs » Alveoli (clusters of air sacs that look like grapes) » Trachea » Left & Right Bronchi » Bronchioles » Diaphragm

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23. 23 » Function of system: » What are 2 basic types of muscle action? » To provide movement for and within body » Voluntary ˃Example - skeletal » Involuntary ˃Examples - smooth & cardiac

24. 24 » What organelles are found in large numbers in muscle tissue? » What 2 muscle types require a constant input of energy? » What 2 muscle types might require a rapid input of energy? » Mitochondria » Cardiac » Smooth » Cardiac » Skeletal

25. 25 » Digestive System » Circulatory System » Respiratory System » Muscular System » Nervous System » Provides energy: » Transports nutrients, gases & wastes to/from cells » Provides gas exchange » Controls action of diaphragm/lungs » Controls actions of all systems

26. 26 » Functions:1.Supports body 2.Protects internal organs 3.Provides movement 4.Stores mineral reserves 5.Site of blood cell formation (marrow)

27. 27 » What is a endoskeleton? » Composition: » Organisms with an endoskeleton: » An internal skeleton » Bones, cartilage, ligaments & tendons 1.Reptiles 2.Amphibians 3.Fish 4.Birds 5.Mammals

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29. 29 » What is an exoskeleton? » Composition: » Organisms with exoskeleton: » Organisms with both: » An external skeleton » Chitin, bone, calcium carbonate » Insects » Crustaceans » Mollusks » Armadillo » Turtle

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31. 31 » Where do bones meet? » What holds 2 or more bones together? » What attaches muscle to bone? » Joints » Ligaments » Tendons