1. Acute Occupational Poisoning Accident Review in Shanghai from 1997-2008 Xunjun Hu Xjhu@scdc.sh.cn Occupational Health and Poisoning Control Department of Shanghai CDC

2. Content Review Educational Experience and Professional Experience  What’s Propose for the study in USA

3. Shanghai Introduction  Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China. It lies on the west coast of the Pacific,and is in the middle of China's east coastline  Shanghai occupies a area of 6,341sq. km and consists of 18 districts and 1 county.

4. It has a population of 16 million, of which 9.48 million live in the urban areas (Floating population 25% from 5rd country population census ) there are 6920 small-scale industries with 459,540 employees in Shanghai(L Wei and W Shi-Da. Toxicology, May 2004; 198(1-3): 55- 61)

5. Shanghai Pudong New District night piece

6. the Financial Trade Zone of Lujiazui Area

7. Data Source and Statistical Time Data Sources:Shanghai Occupational Poisoning Report System and Related Reference Statistical Time:1997-2008(Oct.---Sep./ each year)

8. Table 1 Acute Occupational Poisoning Accident, Case and Death from 1997~2008 in Shanghai Time(Y) Accident NumberCase NumberDeath Number Num Frequency Percent (%) Num Frequency Percent (%) NumDeath Rate(%) 199724 7.97 41 6.34 9 21.95 199828 9.30 45 6.96 6 13.33 199930 9.97 73 11.28 5 6.85 200023 7.64 51 7.88 9 17.65 200127 8.97 59 9.12 7 11.86 200229 9.63 60 9.27 5 8.33 200329 9.63 63 9.74 6 9.52 200419 6.31 37 5.72 8 21.62 200530 9.97 69 10.66 13 18.84 200618 5.98 46 7.11 14 30.43 200720 6.64 45 6.96 9 20.00 200824 7.97 58 8.96 8 13.79 total301100.00647100.0099 15.30

9. Table 2 Acute Occupational Poisoning Accident, Case Area distributing from 1997~2008 in Shanghai Area (district) Accident NumberCase Number NumFrequency Percent (%)NumFrequency Percent (%) Huang pu1 0.33 2 0.31 Lu wan4 1.33 9 1.39 Xu hui7 2.33 11 1.70 Chang ning12 3.99 20 3.09 Jing an2 0.66 2 0.31 Pu tuo14 4.65 20 3.09 Zha bei5 1.66 15 2.32 Hong kou6 1.99 10 1.55 Yang pu7 2.33 13 2.01 Min hang42 13.95 102 15.77 Bao shan40 13.29 107 16.54 Jia ding22 7.31 40 6.18 Pu dong39 12.96 85 13.14 Nan hui21 6.98 41 6.34 Feng xian8 2.66 9 1.39 Song jiang26 8.64 61 9.43 Jin shan11 3.65 23 3.55 Qing pu18 5.98 42 6.49 Chong ming6 1.99 16 2.47 Mei shan10 3.32 19 2.94 total301100.00647100.00

11. Key poisoning chemical of accident rank 1-3: 20.6% by Carbon monoxide(CO), 15.28% by Sulfureted hydrogen(H 2 S), 9.63% by Ammon or nitrobenzene compounds successively

12. Case Rank1-3: 19.94% by sulfureted hydrogen, 18.39 %by Carbon monoxide, 8.81% by Carbamates successively

13. Main Death Cause: 61(83%) death by Sulfureted Hydrogen(H 2 S), 7(6%) by Carbon Monoxide(CO), 67(89%)

14. Cause Accident NumberCase NumberDeath Number NumPercent (%) Nu m Percent (%) Nu m Rate(%) No Ventilation systems or Low Efficiency 3611.969815.151015.87 Equipments escape and leakage 4715.627110.97715.22 No personal protective equipment or use incorrectly 9631.8922935.394640.57 Safety operation procedure issues 3210.63568.661141.68 No safety training123.99223.4000.00 Others7825.9117126.432514.62 total301100.00647100.009915.30 Table 3 Acute Occupational Poisoning Accident Cause distributing from 1997~2008 in Shanghai

15. Intervention Measures

19. Educational Experience  Sep.1997 - Jul. 2002 Jiangxi Medical College Major: Preventive Medicine Degree: B.S. Sep.2002 - Jul. 2005 School of Public Health, Fudan University(Pre-Shanghai Medical University) Major: Toxicology Degree: M.S.

20. Professional Experience 2005~ Occupational Health and Poisoning Control Department of Shanghai CDC Emergency Disposal for occupational poisoning  Surveillance and Epidemiological Investigation for occupational poisoning

22. Current Research Occupational Risk Management Toolbox, Control banding The approach groups workplace risks into" control bands” based on combinations of hazard and exposure information It can also be applied to chemicals and non- chemical workplace hazards

23. Identify the hazard Using R-Phrases Quantity: small, medium or large One of 4 broad Control approaches Dustiness or Volatility Detailed guidance for each task How often the task is Done and for how long HOW DOES IT WORK?

24. 35KN16 - 20 1 - GENERAL VENTILATION A good standard of general ventilation 2 - ENGINEERING CONTROL Typically LEV ranging from single point extract close to the source of hazards, to a ventilated partial enclosure 3 - CONTAINMENT Hazard is contained, or enclosed, but small- scale breaches of containment may be acceptable 4 - SPECIAL Expert advice needed - seek further help Special help needed Least reduction in exposure Greatest reduction in exposure THE FOUR CONTROL APPROACHES

25. What’s Propose?

26. Better City, Better Life 239 Countries and International Organizations until Jun 4st

27. 70 million People will visit for EXPO by estimation

28. Six Months from May to October High People Density and Floating People

29. Safety Issues Gas diffusion Poisoning Accident Outbreak Floating Population Management Emergency Treatment Mechanism

30. Epidemiological Case Study Method The Emergency Treatment Mechanism of Mass Gathering Gas Diffusion Model and Its Application in Safety Assessment The Public Health Management for Floating Population Others: Biomonitoring and Exposure Assessment

31. References Lu Wei, et al.Occupational health management and service for small-scale industries in Shanghai [J]. Toxicology, 2004, 198: 55–61 HU Zhen-hua et al. Analysis of Acute Sulfureted Hydrogen Poisoning in Shanghai during the period of 1992 to 2004[J].Occupation and health, 2006,22 (1):810-812 Chen Liang.Analysis of Acute Poisoning Accidents in Shanghai from 2002 to 2005[J]. Shanghai Occupational Safety, 2006, 6:24-26 Zhang Wei et al.Analysis and Forecasting of Acute Occupational Poisoning in Shanghai [J].Labour Med, 2001, 18(5):282-286