2. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION Presented by Rex Hamza Aviation Safety Inspector-Guyana Civil Aviation Authority.

3. It is the Policy of the GCAA to exercise any effort and pursue all available avenues to prevent aviation accidents and incidents from occurring during operations conducted by civilian air operators on behalf of and under the Authority of the Minister of Transport. The mission goal is to prevent aviation accidents and incidents from occurring, to save human lives and to preserve Operators’ financial assets by identification, reduction and elimination of aviation hazards, development and implementation of preventative safety measures. Our mission is to make air travel safer through investigation, data collection, risk analysis, and information sharing.

4. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION. Air Accident:- Occurrences related to manned aircraft which results in aircraft damages, serious injury or death. Prevention:- A committed effort to minimize the number of occurrences of manned aircraft which results in serious injury, death or extensive damages to aircraft. Air Accidents are as a result of the vulnerability of the command structure and a sequence of unsafe events.

5. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION How do we minimize the number of occurrences? A.Reviewing previous accident reports  Safety aspects  Human and machine. B.Evaluating circumstances surrounding accident /incident. C.Analyzing root cause  how, when, why, where & who.. D.Providing mitigating factors of safety in relation to cause. E.Establishing Gap Analysis of safety requirements.

6. Although the risk of dying in an air accident is very small (there is a much greater chance of being killed in a road accident), the public reaction to such events is intense. Loss of confidence in an airline, or in flying generally, is common, whether the accident was fatal or not. Crashes have other serious consequences. The cost of rescue operations, recovering bodies, retrieving aircraft wreckage and investigation can run into millions of dollars.

7. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION A. A review of Air accidents covering the last 10 years-2004 to 2014. Aircraft AccidentsActive Aircraft% Accident 20040270 20051273.7 20060250 20071254 20080210 20091224.5 20101244.1 201153016.6 20120380 20133446.8 20144468.6 10 yr. average = 5 accidents /yr.

8. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION B. Evaluating circumstances  Multiple causes 1.Technical training- Aerodynamics, aircraft & system design, human & weather factors, ergonomics, aircraft performance, operational & maintenance practices. 2. Working Conditions 3. Mechanical failures 4. Operational Procedures 5. Poor assessment of a. weather b. terrain c. aircraft capability d. loading dynamics. 6. Improper pre-flights 7. Ground support equipment damages.

9. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION C. Analyzing causes B1. Training - Technical - Company operation policies and procedures - On the Job - Specialised B2. Working Conditions - Facilities - Employment conditions-Agreement,salary,etc. - Recurrent training - Recognition & Promotion - Tools, Equipment, Material - Policies and Procedures - Manpower adequacy.

10. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION B3. Mechanical failure - Component failure - Improper Inspections - Incorrect data recording - Insufficient shift reporting. - Human factor

11. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION B4. Incorrect operational procedure:- - Engine control management - Fuel management - Flight control coordination - Checklist non compliance - Non-Adherence to operation procedures. B5. Poor assessment of:- - Weather factors - Geographical features influencing wind changes. - Aircraft performance and capability. - Loading distribution  C of G displacement.

12. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION B6. Improper preflight:- - Checklist compromised - Failure to ensure security of fuel caps/panels, baggage doors, pax. doors, disconnection of GPU, Lav. Cart, etc. B7. Ground support damages:- - Apron maneuvering- belt loaders, trucks, carts.

13. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION D. Mitigating factors in relation to causes 1. Personnel Training – Accomplishment of initial recurrent training, continuous training. 2. Working Condition – Eliminating Company induce stresses, complying with regulatory requirements. 3. Use of current airworthiness data- Updated manuals, Service Bulletins, Advisory Circulars, etc. 4. Establishing carefully evaluated procedures. 5. Human factors – limitations and capabilities  Overcoming ego, mental/physical stress. 6. Ergonomics- Man and his designed environment. 7. Understanding Cockpit Resource Development.

14. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTION E. Gap Analysis 1.Need for Aviation Safety Committee –Regulator + Stakeholders 2.Introduction of a State Safety Program 3.Establishment of Safety Management System 4.Enforcing a Quality Assurance /Control System 5.Continuous review of existing Legislations, regulations and requirements to support technological advances/management systems.

15. AIR ACCIDENT PREVENTATION THANK YOU ALL. QUESTIONS!