2. Adjective Clauses who whom which that whose when where LAY SENGHOR1

3. We use adjective clauses also called relative clauses to identify or give additional information about nouns (people, places, or things) LAY SENGHOR2

4. Who and Whom are used only for people. Who is the subject of the clause. After who you should see a verb Whom is the object of the clause. After whom you should see a subject (noun or pronoun) LAY SENGHOR3

5. Sentences with adjective clauses can be seen as combination of two sentences. I have a friend. + She loves to shop I have a friend who loves to shop. LAY SENGHOR4

6. who The man is playing baseball. The man is holding a bat. The man who is holding the bat is playing baseball LAY SENGHOR5

7. whom I see the doctor in the room. The doctor is my father. The doctor whom you see in the room is my father. LAY SENGHOR6

8. Which is used only for things which can be both subject and object of the clause. LAY SENGHOR7

9. which The telephone is in your room. The telephone is ringing. The telephone which is in your room is ringing. LAY SENGHOR8

10. That is used for both people and things. (less formal than whom and which) That can be both subject and object of the clause. LAY SENGHOR9

11. that I see the flowers. The flowers are in the pond The flowers that you see are in the pond. I see the flowers that are in the pond. LAY SENGHOR10

12. Whose is the possessive and is used for both people and things and must be followed by a noun. Whose + noun can be subject or object I heard the scientist whose work is attracting interest. I met the scientist whose work I admire. LAY SENGHOR11

13. whose The girl is crying. Her cat is sick. The girl whose cat is sick is crying. LAY SENGHOR12

14. The verb in the adjective clause is singular if the subject relative clause refers to a singular noun. It is plural if it refers to a plural noun. Ben is my friend who lives in Boston. John and Alex are my friends who live in Boston. LAY SENGHOR13

15. The boy is my friend. He lives down the street. Two news articles were written by my science professor. They appeared in the latest edition of Nova. The Japanese food is sashimi. Keith likes it best. LAY SENGHOR14

16. The boy who lives down the street is my friend. Two news articles which appeared in the latest edition of Nova were written by my science professor. The Japanese food that Keith likes best is sashimi. LAY SENGHOR15

17. The people are very interesting. Maria works for them. The TV newscaster is on channel 7. I trust her opinions most. LAY SENGHOR16

18. The people whom Maria works for are very interesting. The TV newscaster whose opinions I trust most is on channel 7. LAY SENGHOR17

19. Who whom which that (0) can be the object of the preposition in its clause. If the preposition is at the beginning of the clause, whom or which must be used LAY SENGHOR18

20. In formal English we put the preposition at the beginning of the clause. Also, we use only whom not who or that to refer to people, and which not that to refer to things. He’s the writer who I work for. He’s the writer for whom I work. That’s the book that I told you about. That’s the book______________ LAY SENGHOR19

21. She is a scientist. We agree with her. She is a scientist whom we agree with. She is a scientist with whom we agree. She has developed a theory which/that (0) we are interested in. She has developed a theory in which we are interested. LAY SENGHOR20

22. Where modifies the noun place (country, city, building, house, room, street, and so on) I want to know the name of the city where you were born LAY SENGHOR21

23. When modifies the noun time ( century, year, day, night,) Your friend wants to know when you were born. LAY SENGHOR22

24. Adjective Clauses come in two types: RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE NON RESTRICTIVE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE LAY SENGHOR23

25. Restrictive adjective clauses identify the noun or pronoun modified. They give information needed in order to know who or what the pronoun refers to. LAY SENGHOR24

26. My sister who lives in California is a doctor. The car that has broken headlights belongs to my brother. LAY SENGHOR25

27. Nonrestrictive adjective clauses give extra information about the noun or the pronoun but is not needed to identify it. LAY SENGHOR26

28. My sister, who lives in California, is a doctor. The Eiffel Tower has an elevator, which I rode to the top. LAY SENGHOR27

29. Nonrestrictive adjective clauses Use who, which, whom, whose, Where, when LAY SENGHOR28

30. In nonrestrictive adjective clauses Do not use the relative pronoun THAT Do not omit the object relative pronoun Always put commas around a nonrestrictive clause LAY SENGHOR29

31. Adjective phrases do not have a subject and do not have a verb. They can only be formed from clauses with subject relative pronouns. LAY SENGHOR30

32. To change an adjective clause with be to an adjective phrase, delete the subject relative pronoun and the form of be LAY SENGHOR31

33. The book which is written in Spanish is difficult. The book written in Spanish is difficult. Any students who are in this class can learn to speak English. Any students in this class can learn to speak English. LAY SENGHOR32

34. To form an adjective phrase with a verb other than Be, delete the subject relative pronoun and change the verb to its present participle (-ing) form LAY SENGHOR33

35. People who live in big cities often see new movies. People living in big cities often see new movies LAY SENGHOR34

36. If an adjective clause is restrictive the adjective phrase is restrictive. If an adjective clause is nonrestrictive, the adjective phrase is nonrestrictive LAY SENGHOR35

37. The End! LAY SENGHOR36