1. OPTERON (Advanced Micro Devices)

2. History of the Opteron AMD's server & workstation processor line 2003: Original Opteron released o 32 & 64 bit processing (No penalty for 32-bit) o Direct Connect Architecture  Hyper-Transport Technology  Integrated Memory Controller 2004: Opteron HE/EE released o First low-power x86 processor 2007: Quad-Core Opteron released o First quad-core x86 processor o Virtualization Technology

3. History (Continued) 2009: o Quad-Core AMD Opteron EE (Very energy efficient) o Six-Core AMD Opteron with AMD chipset 2010: o Opteron 4000 series (Focus on cloud computing) o Opteron 6000 series (First 8-core/12-core x86 processor) 2011 o Further expanded the Opteron 6100 series

4. Opteron Progression * Moore's Law in action 2003 : o 130 nm o 1 Core 2007: o 65 nm o 4 Cores 2011: o 32 nm o up to 16 Cores * Image/Chart from Wikipedia

5. The Opteron Today In November 2011, AMD released a set of microprocessors based on a new architecture codenamed “Bulldozer” Opteron’s first major redesign since 2003 Architecture is 20-30% faster than its predecessors These microprocessors are faster & cheaper than Intel Xeon equivalents in price/performance ratio Three new series of “Bulldozer” chips: o 6200-series “Interlagos” for socket G34 o 4200-series “Valencia” for socket C32 o 3200-series “Zurich” for socket AM3+ (Released 3-20-2012)

6. 6200-series Interlagos 16 processor cores (4-12 core versions are also available) o Most ever on an x86-based processor Clock speeds in the range of 1.6 GHZ to 2.6 GHZ Prices range from $523 to $1019 Primarily aimed at scalable applications (that utilize many threads) o databases o cloud computing o high performance computing (like supercomputers) o virtualized server environments

7. 6200-series Interlagos cont. FEATURES: o Each module (consisting of 2 cores) has two integer units and a shared floating-point unit  more operations executed per clock cycle o During each clock cycle, each core can process 256 bits of parallel data via two 128-bit instructions, or one 256-bit instruction (64 operations per cycle) o Turbo Core Technology: Allows processor clock speed to increase by 500 Mhz on all cores, or by 1 GHZ on some cores depending on performance requirements o System Bus Speed = 6.4 GT/s o Supports Quad Channel DDR3 1600MHZ memory, up to 12 DIMMS per socket

8. 6200-series Interlagos cont. CACHE INFORMATION: o 32MB total cache o L1 cache  64KB shared instruction cache per module (x8 per processor)  16KB data cache per core o L2 cache = 16MB (2MB per module) o L3 cache = 16MB (shared between all cores; 16MB per socket)

9. Opteron Module Each Core: o L1 Data Cache o Integer Unit Each Module: o Two Cores o Floating-point Unit o L1 Instruction Cache o L2 Cache Chip Level: o L3 Cache o Northbridge * Image From Silicon Mechanics

10. Bulldozer Instruction Set * Image from Silicon Graphics International

11. Opteron 3200/4200/6200-series Comparison 3200-series4200-series6200-series Number of Cores4 and 86 and 84, 8, 12 and 16 Clock Speed2.4 GHz to 2.7 GHz1.6 GHz to 3.3 GHz1.6 GHz to 2.6 GHz Memory Technology Dual Channel DDR3 up to 1866 MHz Dual Channel DDR3 up to 1600 MHZ Quad Channel DD3 up to 1600 MHz System Bus5.2 GT/s6.4 GT/s L1 Cache 2 x 64 KB Instruction 4 x 16 KB Data 4 x 64 KB Instruction 8 x 16 KB Data 8 x 64 KB Instruction 16 x 16 KB Data L2 Cache1 MB per core L3 CacheUp to 8 MB shared Up to 16 MB shared Price Range$99 to $229$125 to $377$523 to $1,019 * Chart comprised of information from several AMD sources: AMD 3000 Series Quick Reference Guide: http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/Opteron_3000_QRG.pdf AMD 4000 Series Quick Reference Guide: http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/Opteron_4000_QRG.pdf AMD 6000 Series Quick Reference Guide: http://www.amd.com/us/Documents/Opteron_6000_QRG.pdf

12. Opteron 3200/4200/6200-series Comparison cont. 320042006200 Cloud Computing XXX Virtualization XXX Email/Collaboration X Databases X High Performance Computing (Supercomputing) X Chart of Primary Applications:

13. Summary Was made for servers Has been following Moore's Law o Smaller, faster, more memory Has been following what the people want Innovating processors. o Coordinating multiple cores o Cores sharing caches

14. Works Cited Advanced Micro Devices. "AMD Opteron 6000 Series Platform Quick Reference Guide." AMD.com. Advanced Micro Devices, 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2012.. Advanced Micro Devices. "AMD Opteron 4000 Series Platform Quick Reference Guide." AMD.com. Advanced Micro Devices, 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2012.. Advanced Micro Devices. "AMD Opteron 3000 Series Platform Quick Reference Guide." AMD.com. Advanced Micro Devices, 2012. Web. 7 Apr. 2012.. "Opteron." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 23 Mar. 2012. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. Shah, Agam. "AMD's 16-core Opteron Chips Arrive after Wait." Computerworld.com. International Data Group, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2012.. Silicon Graphics International. "AMD “Bulldozer” Core Technology." SGI.com. Silicon Graphics International Corp., 2011. Web. 09 Apr. 2012. Silicon Mechanics. "Guide to the AMD Opteron 6200 Series Processor." Siliconmechanics.com. Nov. 2011. Web. 7 Apr. 2012.. AMD Releases Opteron 4200 "Valencia" and 6200 "Interlagos" Series 11/14/2011. Web 8 Apr. 2012..