1. Administration of drugs Administration routes and pharmaceutical form Tea Baršić Mirna Kudlač Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

2. Methods of administering drugs oral administration sublingual administration rectal administration parenteral administration inhalation topical application

3. Oral administration by mouth form: tablets capsules syrups

4. Pros & Cons convenient for the patient can be done at home possible destruction or inactivation possibly not absorbable useless in emergency

5. Sublingual administration under the tongue absorption into sublingual veins form: tablets example: nitroglycerin

6. Rectal administration into the rectum when vomiting or unable to swallow form: suppositories aqueous solutions

7. Parenteral administration intracavitary intradermal intramuscular intrathecal intravenous iubcutaneous form: injections

8. Intracavitary injection into a body cavity (e.g. peritoneal, pleural) example: nitrogen mustard (intrapleural, prevents fluid accumulation)

9. Intradermal injection shallow into upper layers of skin example: allergy testing

10. Intramuscular injection into muscle (buttock or upper arm) when irritating to skin when large amounts of long-acting drug needed example: adrenaline

11. Intrathecal injection into space under meninges surrounding spinal cord & brain example: methotrexate (in leukemia)

12. Intravenous injection into a vein for immediate effect when unsafe for other tissues good technical skill needed (leakage may cause irritation & inflammation) example: heparin

13. Subcutaneous injection into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper arm, thigh, abdomen) example: insulin

14. Inhalation into nose or mouth absorbed through alveoli form: aerosols example: anesthetics, antiasthmatics

15. Topical application locally on skin or mucous membranes form: lotions creams ointments transdermal patches eyedrops, eardrops, nasal drops

16. References Handout Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore: Pharmacology, 1 st Croatian edition Thank you!