2. Section Five: Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms

3. Objectives/”I can statements” Explain how Alexander the Great created his empire.

4. I. The Threat of Macedonia Macedonia northern neighbors Did not live in city-states Viewed as barbarians

5. The Threat of Macedonia 359 B.C., Philip II king of Macedonia *Crushed the Greeks at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 B.C. Wanted to conquer Persia, but was assassinated

6. II. Alexander the Great *Alexander the Great was the son of Philip II Became king at age 20 Educated by Aristotle Envisioned a world of mixed cultures

7. Alexander the Great (356-323 BC)

9. Alexander the Great Married two Persian princesses His father taught him military tactics & leadership

10. A. Alexander’s Conquests By 331 B.C. he had conquered Persia Established the city of Alexandria in Egypt In 326 B.C. he crossed the Indus River

12. Alexander’s Conquests Soldiers refused to fight, so he agreed to return home Died in Babylon, exhausted from wounds, fever & alcohol

13. B. The Legacy of Alexander Courage & mastery of military tactics His example inspired men to follow him *Due to his conquests, Greek language, architecture, literature & art spread throughout Southwest Asia & the near East

14. III. The Hellenistic Kingdoms *Alexander created a new age, the Hellenistic Era, “to imitate Greeks” *The expansion of the Greek language & ideas to the non- Greek world of Southwest Asia & beyond

15. Four Hellenistic Kingdoms 1. Macedonia 2. Syria 3. Pergamum, in western Asia 4. Egypt

17. IV. Hellenistic Culture Considerable cultural achievement Cultural center was Alexandria Alexandria library was the largest of its kind

18. A. Architecture & Sculpture Baths, theaters & temples Sculptors added realism & emotion

19. Greek Theater at Ahprodisias

20. B. Literature Appolonius of Rhodes epic poem Argonautica Story of Jason & the Golden Fleece Theocritus wrote short poems Expressed love of nature

21. C. Science *Eratosthenes, determined that Earth was round & calculated Earth’s circumference at 24,675 miles, an estimate that was within 200 miles of the actual figure

22. C. Science *Euclid, wrote the Elements, a textbook on plane geometry, this work has been used up to modern times

23. D. Philosophy *Epicurus, believed that happiness was the goal of life, the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure, the only true good Epicureanism

24. Philosophy Zeno found Stoicism *Stoicism, happiness could be found only when people gained inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God