1. Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E.
II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E..
IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E.
VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

2. I. Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations, c. 2000–1200 B.C.E.
A. The Minoans
King Minos — legendary
Language — undeciphered
hieroglyphics
Linear A — syllabic
Sir Arthur Evans
archaeologist
Knossos
“Palace of Minos”
Art
murals
realistic, everyday scenes

3. Minoan and Minoan and Mycenaean Civilizations
B. The Myceneans
Achaeans — Indo-Europeans
from north, c. 2000
Mycenae
Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890)
acropolis — massive palace
royal tombs, after 1500
expansion
Knossos, c. 1450
Linear B
deciphered by Michael Ventris
C. Troy
Heinrich Schliemann
Iliad
1870 — excavation begins
Troy VI or VII (1200–1125 B.C.E.)
D. Fall of Mycenaean Civilization

4. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
Dark Ages (1150–750 B.C.E)
Geography
A. Homeric Age
information scarce
Iliad, Odyssey
arête
excellence, virtue
aristoi = the best
aristocracy

5. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E
B. From Oligarchy to Tyranny
polis (plural poleis) = city-state
acropolis = high city
agora = marketplace
Oligarchy = government of the few
c. 750 — nobles in control
Colonization (750–550 B.C.E.)
Magna Graecia = Great Greece
Southern Italy
Economic transformation
production for trade
land hunger
> Tyrants, c. 650 B.C.E.
hoplite phalanx
tyrannus = absolute ruler

6. II. Hellenic Civilization, c. 1150–500 B.C.E.
C. Athens to 500 B.C.E.
7th Century — oligarchy
council of nobles dominant
9 archons = rulers
Solon — 594 B.C.E.
economic and social reform:
Council of Four Hundred
Popular Assembly
Pisistratus — 560 B.C.E.
tyrant
public works
weakening of nobles
Cleisthenes
508–502 B.C.E. — reforms
further weakened nobility
ostracism
D. Sparta to 500 B.C.E.
monarchy > oligarchy
ephors = overseers
Messenians — neighbors
conquest > helots
Lycurgus
legendary?

7. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E.
A. Persian Wars
King Cyrus
conquest of Lydia, 547 B.C.E.
> revolt of Ionian poleis
crushed by Darius I
490 B.C.E. — to Greece
Marathon — Greek victory
480 B.C.E. — Xerxes
Thermopylae
Themistocles
Salamis Bay
479 B.C.E. — Plataea
Impact
Athenian confidence
Pericles (461–429 B.C.E.)

8. III. The Golden Age of Greece, 500–336 B.C.E.
B. Athenian Society
Women
Slavery
C. Athenian Imperialism
Sparta isolationist
Delian League — 478 B.C.E.
navy of 200 ships
468 B.C.E. — Goal achieved
D. Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.E.)
Spartan League v. Athenian Empire
416 B.C.E. — Melians enslaved
415 B.C.E. — expedition to Syracuse
E. Macedonia
King Philip II (359–336 B.C.E.)
Demosthenes
speaks against Philip
Chaeronea — 338 B.C.E.
Macedonian victory

9. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement A. Values sophrosyne hubris nemesis
B. Greek Religion
Zeus
Hesiod (c. 700 B.C.E.)
Mysteries —Orphic, Eleusinian
mystae = initiates
afterlife — Elysium
C. Early Greek Philosophy
Physikoi — physical world
Thales of Miletus c. 600 B.C.E.
natural causes
human reason
Search for first principle
Pythagoras of Samos (c. 582–500 B.C.E.)
Anaximander
Xenophanes
Sophists — late 5th B.C.E.
IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
D. The Great Philosophers
Socrates (470–399 B.C.E.)
399 — condemned
Plato (427–347 B.C.E.)
Republic
The Academy (388 B.C.E. 529 C.E.)
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.)
Lyceum

10. The World According to Herodotus, c. 450 B.C.E.
IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement
E. Fields of Inquiry
Medicine
Hippocrates
420 B.C.E. — founds school
History
Herodotos of Halicarnassus (c. 484–c. 425 B.C.E.)
Thucydides (460–400 B.C.E.)
History of Peloponnesian War
The World According to Herodotus, c. 450 B.C.E.

11. IV. The Greek Cultural Achievement F. Arts
1. Poetry and Drama
Epics
Iliad and Odyssey
Lyric poetry
Drama
rites of Dionysus
Aeschylus (525–456 B.C.E.)
Sophocles (c. 496–406 B.C.E.)
Euripides (c. 480–406 B.C.E.)
Aristophanes (c. 445–385 B.C.E.)

12. V. The Hellenistic Age, 336–30 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great to Augustus
A. Alexander the Great
336 B.C.E. — death of Philip
334 B.C.E. — to the east
331 B.C.E. — Gaugamela
B. The Empire under Alexander
blend of cultures
founds cities
Alexandrias
C. Division of the Empire
Macedonia — Antigonids
Egypt — Ptolemies
Persian Empire — Seleucids

13. VI. Hellenistic Society and Culture
Hellenistic = greek-like
uniform coinage
flow of trade
A. Hellenistic Philosophy
Skeptics
impossibility of finding truth
Cynics
withdrawal
Diogenes of Sinope (c. 400–325 B.C.E.)
Epicureanism
Epicurus (342–270 B.C.E.)
Stoics
Zeno (336–c. 264 B.C.E.)
B. Science and Mathematics
1. Geography
Eratosthenes
parallels of latitude and longitude
circumference of globe
2. Astronomy
Aristarchus
rotation of earth on axis
epicycles — planetary revolutions
3. Mathematics
Euclid
geometry
Archimedes of Syracuse pi
specific gravity
C. Art and Literature
D. The Hellenistic Contribution
Parthians
Bactria