1. Alexander the Great

3. Philip II (Alexander’s father) Became king of Macedon in 359 BC Conquered south Athenian Demosthenes spoke out against him (Three Philippics) Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC, defeated Athens and Thebes, controlled Greece Assassinated in 336 BC

4. Young Alexander Born in 356 BC to Philip II and Olympias (non- Macedonian) Tutored by Aristotle and Leonidas Tamed the horse Bucephalus Father assassinated in 336 BC Life of Alexander by Plutarch

5. “Untying” the Gordion Knot Gordium, Turkey, 333 BC Tied by King Midas or his father Gordius The prophecy Alexander solves it

6. Battle of Granicus, 334 BC First major victory over Persians Persia ruled by Darius III 47,000 (Macedonians and various Greeks) versus 24,000 Greek mercenaries Granicus - river near Troy

7. Battle of Issus, 333 BC Alexander defeats Darius III despite being heavily outnumbered Darius III flees Empire expands to include Persia

8. More battles Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, against Darius III again Battle of Hydapses, 326 BC, Punjab region of Pakistan, against King Poros, war elephants Empire extends to western India Hellenistic vs. Hellenic culture

9. Alexander’s Empire

10. Superimposed on modern map

11. Alexander’s Demise Got sick and stayed in Babylon, died there in 323 BC Divided up empire among the Diadochi (The followers) Egypt – The Ptolemies 305-30 BC Asia – Seleucids 305-63 BC Macedonia – Antigonids, 295-168 BC

12. Seleucids, Ptolemies, Antigonids

13. Egypt and Alexandria Ptolemies followed the pharoahs, 305-30 BC Many Cleopatras The Library of Alexandria Three separate burnings 30 BC – Roman conquest