1. Unit 6

2.  Rise of Macedon  Always ruled by Kings  Alexander I (494-458): Macedon breaks away from Persian rule  Macedon then had a disorganized, and tense existence  Alexander’s great-great grandson, Philip II was sent to Thebes as a prisoner and this forever changed his perspective.

3.   1. Not part of the Bronze Age  2. Different Language  Calls to arrest Cleitus in Macedonian  3. Culturally Different  Kings – no Greek would be ruled by a king!  Didn’t water down their wine  Philip married many wives  Alexander hated democracy Are Macedonians Greek?

4.   359 B.C. – Philip deposed his nephew and became King of Macedon  Strangely, he did not have his nephew executed  Felt very comfortable with “barbarians”  “Heads for cups”, could only wear a belt if you had killed someone in battle  Took 6 wives, allying himself with surrounding areas  True politician, many of his friends were in power throughout Greece Philip II

5.   Created the King’s Bodyguard  Also created the King’s secretary and King’s Paige  Reorganized the Macedonian military  10,000 men strong  Introduced the sarissa (5.5 meter pike!)  Improved the cavalry, created a merit based military  Did not try to conquer all of Greece, but instead wisely chose the battle he could win  356 B.C. – defeats the Illyrians and has son, Alexander Philip’s Macedon

6.  Sarissa

7.   352 B.C. – March on Delphi to free it from Phocian control  Phocis was supported by Athens and Sparta; opposed by Thebes and Thessaly  Thebans asked Philip for help  Stormed Delphi, destroyed Phocian forces  Crucified their general, forced 3,000 soldiers kill themselves by jumping off a cliff….  Thessaly asks Philip to become their leader… Philip advances

8.  Macedonia and its occupied territories in 359 BC

9.  Macedonia and its occupied territories in 348 BC

10.   Not interested in ruling Greece  Persia encouraging Greek city-states to fight Philip  Philip allows them autonomy  Most appreciated it, others did not (especially Athens and Thebes!) Philip the Politician

11.   Thebes, Sparta and Athens were worried about Philip, but Philip refrained from invading…  Why? What did Philip learn from Xerxes?  In Athens, Demosthenes stands up against Philip  Called the “Philippics”  Opinion in Athens was split between supporting or fighting against Philip  “Hold your friends close and your enemies closer still”  346 B.C. – Philip proposes a peace treaty with Athens Greece Responds

12.   Athens takes Byzantium to control the supply of grain from the Black Sea  Philip unsuccessfully attempts to take Byzantium  Macedon and Athens were at war Philip then marches south and only Thebes stood between Philip and Athens Inexplicably Thebes allies with Athens….big mistake Battle of Chaeronea, 338 B.C. – Sacred Band was destroyed Demosthenes ran away, Alexander and Philip enter Thebes and overthrow Theban rule  Philip then returned all 2000 Athenian prisoners and asked for peace.  Philip then creates the League of Corinth – all major Greek cities except Athens Greeks take sides Lion at Chaeronea

13. 

14.   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fcz3Gg9mgj8 Battle of Chaeronea

15.   Allows Athens to have their dead back – for free!  Tries to create an alliance with Greek city- states  Purpose of this league will be to revenge and Persian destruction of Athens Generous Philip

16.  Aftermath  Era of independent city-states was over.  Philip and Macedon has assumed control of all of Greece except Sparta  Some Greeks were happy Philip had assumed control, believing only a united, monarchical Greece could truly reach its potential.  Time was ripe to invade Persia  Revenge from Xerxes’s invasion  Already had 10,000 troops across the Hellespont

17.   337 B.C. – Philip marries Cleopatra; daughter of a Macedonian noble  Why would this spell bad news for Alexander??  Oct. 336 B.C. – While Philip was hosting the wedding of his daughter, without a bodyguard, stabbed to death  Alexander quickly takes over, Olympias returns from Epirus  Cleopatra and her baby son are killed, Alexander gains the trust of nobles and the military Death of Philip

18.   1:58:55 – 2:10:45  http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008Q00FP Q/ref=atv_purch_to_dp?ie=UTF8&ASINS=B008Q00 FPQ&a=B008Q00FPQ&o=B008Q00FPQ&orderID=D 01-0397958-3477639 http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008Q00FP Q/ref=atv_purch_to_dp?ie=UTF8&ASINS=B008Q00 FPQ&a=B008Q00FPQ&o=B008Q00FPQ&orderID=D 01-0397958-3477639 Death of Philip

19.  Macedonia at Philip's death (336 BC)