1. PELOPONNESIAN WAR 431 – 404 B.C.
Athens grew in wealth, prestige, & power during the Golden Age
Resulted in a CIVIL war between Athens and SPARTA
Athens had a stronger NAVY - Sparta stronger ARMY
Turning point in the war – plague struck Athens killing Pericles
SPARTA was victorious but unable to UNITE all of Greece
Main Impact of the war – weakened Greece as a whole
Left it vulnerable and allowed it to be CONQUERED

4. MACEDONIA PHILLIP II (359 BC- 336 BC)
Kingdom located just NORTH OF GREECE
Looked down on by the Greeks- thought they were UNCIVILIZED
HAD FEARLESS KINGS
PHILLIP II (359 BC- 336 BC)
Conquered the PERSIAN EMPIRE in 338 BC
Used PHALANX formation to defeat enemies in battle
Respected CULTURE of Greece
Assassinated by FORMER guardsmen at his daughters wedding
ALEXANDER takes over when Phillip II is murdered

5. ALEXANDER THE GREAT Alexander had been a student of ARISTOTLE
Alexander earned the title "the Great" due to his success as a military commander
He never lost a battle - despite typically being outnumbered
This was due to use of terrain - phalanx and cavalry tactics - bold strategy - fierce loyalty of his troops

6. ALEXANDER’S EMPIRE Became KING of Macedonia at age 20
Spent entire ruling career IN BATTLE CONQUERING LANDS; made it as far as INDUS RIVER (BABYLONIA) before the troops demanded to return home
Upon Alexander’s death, MACEDONIAN generals fought for and gained control of HIS EMPIRE

7. HELLENISTIC CULTURE
Alexander wanted: meld conquered cultures with Greeks “BEST of the BEST of the EAST with the WEST” {Alexander himself took a Persian wife} Period of mixing cultures (cultural DIFFUSION) became known as the HELLENISTIC AGE HELLENISTIC CULTURE mixture of: Blending of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, & Indian influences After Alexander the Great died in 323 BC, Greece Greek and led to the Greek of Greek

8. Macedonia split after Alexander
Antigonus- became KING of Macedonia and took over the Greek city-states
Ptolemy- took control of EGYPT; became a pharaoh
Seleucus- created Seleucid kingdom (site of the old PERSIAN Empire)