1. Alexander’s Empire
Chapter 5
Section 4

2. Do Now: Map Quiz Obj: HW: Active Read 5.5
Describe Phillip’s Conquest of Greece
Explain Alexander’s defeat of the Persians
Explain Alexander’s effect on future cultures
HW: Active Read 5.5
Main Ideas #3-5 & Critical Thinking # 6

3. Vocab
Phillip II
Macedonia
Alexander the Great
Darius III

4. Effects of Peloponnesian War
Many city-states were severely weakened after war
Rapid decline of military and economic power
King Phillip II of Macedonia takes notice
Has dream of taking control of all of Greece and eventually Persia

6. Macedonia
Northern Greece; lived in mountain villages more than city-state
Consider themselves to be Greek,
However the Greeks looked down upon them as uncivilized
Lack of great philosophers, sculptures, and writers

7. Phillip II Builds his Army
Phillip becomes king in 359 B.C.E. at 23 yrs old
Transforms his villagers into lethal professional army
Phillip uses a 16x16 man phalanx, all armed with an 18ft spear
Uses the phalanx to break enemy lines and then sends in swift cavalry to crush disorganized opponent

8. Phillip Conquers Greece
Greek city-states failed to unite against Phillip
Eventually Thebes and Athens unite against Phillip; but it was too late
Macedonian army had become too powerful and easily defeated the city states
Greece now under the rule of a “foreigner”

9. Phillips Rule and the Rise of Alexander
King Phillip planned on attacking Persia next
At his daughters wedding he was stabbed to death
Never got a chance to see the Persian War
Phillips son Alexander takes the throne
Alexander immediately takes control of the Macedonian kingdom and vows to attack Persia like his father had planned

10. Alexander the Great 20 yrs old when he came to power
Taught by Aristotle; learned science, geo, and literature
Kept a copy of Iliad under his pillow to inspire himself
To prove his strength crushed Thebes during a revolt

11. Persian Conquest Battle of Granicus Battle of Issus 35,000 Macedonians
Vs. 40,000 Persians
Alexander smashes through enemy lines
Victory!
Battle of Issus
King Darius III raises an army of 75,000 men
Alexander outnumbered charges through weak spot
Forces Darius III to flee
Alexander takes control of Anatolia

12. Darius on the Retreat
After the loss at Issus Darius III tried to negotiate with Alexander
Offered him all the land west of the Euphrates River
Advised to take the deal- Persian resistance swelled Alexander’s ambition
Refused the offer and vowed to conquer the whole empire

13. Alexander in Egypt Alexander marches to Egypt in 332 B.C.E.
He is met as a liberator
The Egyptians make him a pharaoh!
He builds the city of Alexandria at the mouth of the river Nile
What’s next……?

14. Alexander Conquers Persia
Alexander heads east to Mesopotamia
Battle to Gaugamela:
Darius assembles an army of 250,000 men
Once again the power of the phalanx and Alexander’s cavalry were too much for Persian battle lines
Darius flees again; and Persian control ends
Soon Alexander controls:
Babylon, Susa, and Persian capital Persepolis
Alexander burns Persepolis to the ground

15. Alexander’s Plan
After returning to Babylon after 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander makes plans to organize the empire
He wants to:
Build roads
Construct new cities
Construct new harbors
Invade Arabia
However; he become very sick with a fever and dies a few days later- 323 B.C.E.

16. Alexander’s Empire Divided
After his death the Empire was divided by 3 powerful rulers
1) Antigonus- Macedonia (Greek city states)
2) Ptolemy – Egypt
3) Seleucus – Persian Empire

17. Alexander’s Legacy:
(You Fill in the Blank)