1. AP Human Geography Week #28
Spring 2015

2. AP Human Geography 3/23/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Continue examination the changes in industrial production. APHugVI.A.2
Language objective: Write about industrialization.
I. Journal#79pt.A
-Watch the following:
-What new federal fracking rules mean for the oil and gas industry
II. Quiz#49
III. Journal#79pt.B
-notes on the changes in industrial production
Notice: 52 Days until the AP Test May 15th

3. This Week Today – Journal#79 Tomorrow – Practice Test
Wednesday – Journal#80
Thursday – Film
Friday – Asia Map Test and Journal#81
Monday – Ch#12 Test

4. How has Industrial Production Changed?
Fordist – dominant mode of mass production during the twentieth century, production of consumer goods at a single site.
Post-Fordist – current mode of production with a more flexible set of production practices in which goods are not mass produced. Production is accelerated and dispersed around the globe by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world.
Henry Ford introduced the assembly line production of automobiles which resulted in agglomeration of auto production in the Detroit and Great Lakes area-now known as the rust belt.
Bretton Woods agreement industrial countries adopted the gold standard-value of currency pegged to the value of gold-basis for prosperity and mass production by large corporations

5. Modern Production Outsourcing – Offshore –
moving individual steps in the production process (of a good or a service) to a supplier, who focuses their production and offers a cost savings.
Offshore –
Outsourced work that is located outside of the country.

6. Time-Space Compression
Through improvements in transportation and communications technologies, many places in the world are more connected than ever before.
David Harvey coined the term Time-Space Compression-the idea the the world is moving at a faster pace due to capitalism and the greater connectivity of transportation and communication systems.
Time-Space Compression has altered the division of labor-when world was less connected, goods were produced close to market or point of consumption.

7. Time-Space Compression
Just-in-time delivery
rather than keeping a large inventory of components or products, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly when needed.
Global division of labor
corporations can draw from labor around the globe for different components of production.
Containers await shipment in China
Bottom Container ship from Europe enter Halifax, Canada’s harbor
Major corporations: General Motors, Union Carbide, Exxon and others take advantage of the low transport costs, expanding information technology and favorable government regulations to outsource jobs to specific locations.
Multinational Corporations move labor-intensive manufacturing to peripheral countries where laobr is cheap
Core manufacturing is increasingly automated

8. New Influences on the Geography of Manufacturing
Transportation-intermodal connections where air, rail, truck, ship and barge connect-eases flow of goods-e.g. container shipping
Regional and global trade agreements-WTO, Benelux, European Union, NAFTA, MERCOSUR, SAFTA, CARICOM, ANDEAN AFTA, COMESA, etc. goal to ease flow of goods by eliminating trade tariffs or quotas
Energy-coal was replaced by natural gas & oil after WW II-transported by pipeline or tanker
WTO 148 states in 2005 works to negotiate trade agreements

9. Europe-despite North Sea Oil-still must import
Mexico & Canada oil and natural gas
U.S. uses 27% of oil & 37% of natural gas produced in the world. Dependent on imported oil
Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Russia large oil reserves

13. South Asia-India
Blessed with large coal deposits, metallic minerals such as iron ore and a vast labor force, India is growing by 8% year.
Despite rapid industrialization it still remains agrarian and underdeveloped due to a poor infrastructure-over 50% of India’s crops rot in the field due to a lack of transportation

14. South Asia-India
The Bihar Steel Mill in India produces high quality steel at a low price-the down side-low pay, few environmental restrictions=pollution.
India’s service sector is also growing very rapidly.
The Delhi Call Center at right is typical of the outsourcing done by many Western firms.
India has millions of low paid blue-collar workers and millions of white collar, high tech. workers
Delhi-call center/ Bihar, India Steel Mill-red smoke/Shanghai Steel Mill

15. Homework Begin working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II.
Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

16. AP Human Geography 3/24/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Practice AP Exam. APHugAll
Language objective: Write about human geography.
I. Administrative Stuff
-attendance
II. AP Practice Test
-75 multiple choice practice test
Homework: Complete reading Chapter#12
Notice: 51 Days until the AP Test May 15th

17. Homework Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II.
Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

18. AP Human Geography 3/25/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Continue examination the changes in industrial production. APHugVI.A.2
Language objective: Write about industry.
I. Journal#80pt.A
-Watch the following:
-Is New Technology Chipping Away at Scope of the American Workforce?
II. Practice Map Test
III. Journal#80pt.B
-notes on the changes in industrial production
IV. Journal#80pt.C
-notes on the fall of planned economies in the UK
Notice: 50 Days until the AP Test May 15th

19. Pre-Post Test Re-take
In your last attempt to for the Practice AP Exam, so the following will occur:
It is graded, out of 10 points
Raw score of 50+ = 15 points
Score of 40+ = 12 points
Score of 30+ = 10 points
Score of less than 30 = 7 points
-THIS IS SERIOUS TO US teachers. You should score AT LEAST a 30 out of 75 on this…

20. Where are the Major Industrial Belts in the World Today and Why?
Idle steel mill in Pennsylvania, part of the American Rust Belt

21. Deindustrialization –
a process by which companies move industrial jobs to other regions with cheaper labor, leaving the newly deindustrialized region to switch to a service economy and work through a period of high unemployment.
Abandoned street in Liverpool, England, where the population has decreased by one-third since deindustrialization

23. Newly Industrialized
China – major industrial growth after 1950-Soviet planners helped from 1949 to 1964
Industrialization in the last half of 20th cent. was state-owned and planned:
focus on: Northeast district-Dongbei
Shanghai and Chang district
Today, industrialization is spurred by companies that move production (not the whole company) to take advantage of Chinese labor and special economic zones (SEZs). Rapid growth on the Pacific Rim

24. As China’s economy continues to grow, old neighborhoods (right) are destroyed to make room for new buildings (below).
Beijing, China

25. Left-Chinese industrial air conditioner plant
Right-Singapore container port

26. What is the Service Economy, and Where are Services Concentrated?
Service economy is activity associated with provided services such as transportation, banking, retailing, education and office-based jobs.
New Influences on Location-less tied to energy sources, information technologies don’t need to be close to market-some personal services do need to be near market
New Influences on Location:
- Information technologies
- Less tied to energy sources
- Market accessibility is more relevant for some
and less relevant for others because of
telecommunications
- Presence of Multinational Corporations Economic activity associated with the provision of services – such as transportation, banking, retailing, education, and routine office-based jobs.

27. Proctor & Gamble put their office in nearby Fayetteville, Arkansas.
Wal-Mart
Requires producers of goods to locate offices in the Bentonville, Arkansas (Wal-Mart’s headquarters) area in order to negotiate deals with Wal-Mart.
Proctor & Gamble put their office in nearby Fayetteville, Arkansas.

28. Nike-Headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike has never produced a shoe in Oregon. Beginning in the 1960s, Nike contracted with an Asian firm to produce its shoes.
Skopje, Macedonia-The swoosh is ubiquitous, but where is the shoe produced? Nike has a global network of international manufacturing and sales.

29. Commanding Heights
The 20th century was the story about the rise an fall of planned economies.
The Commanding Heights is heavy industry: steel, coal, railroads.
You will see the fall of planned economies in the United Kingdom today.
Pay attention!!!

30. Homework Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II.
Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

31. AP Human Geography 3/26/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Examine Industry & Services. APHugVI.A.2
Language objective: Write about industry.
II. Quiz#50
III. Film: Commanding Heights Day#3
-notes on film about industrialization
Notice: East and SE Asia Map Test TOMORROW
Notice: Chapter#12 Test Monday March 30th
Notice: 49 Days until the AP Test May 15th

32. Homework
Continue working on Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II & study for the Asia Map Test.
Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th

33. AP Human Geography 3/27/15 http://mrmilewski.com
OBJECTIVE: Complete examination of industrial production. APHugVI.A.2
Language objective: Write about high technology.
I. Journal#81 pt.A
-Watch the following:
-60 Minutes Rare Earths 3/22/15
II. East and SE Asia Map Test
III. Journal#81 pt.B
-finish notes on high technology
Notice: Chapter#12 Test Monday March 30th
Notice: 48 Days until the AP Test May 15th

34. High-Technology Corridors
An area designated by local or state government to benefit from lower taxes and high-technology infrastructure with the goal of providing high-technology jobs to the local population.
eg. Silicon breast Valley, California
Technopole – an area planned for high technology where agglomeration built on a synergy among technological companies occurs.
eg. Route 128 corridor in Boston

35. Plano-Richardson, Texas Telecom Corridor is just north of Dallas

37. Production of Televisions
Three key elements in television production:
Research and design
Manufacturing components
Assembly
Production of televisions has shifted across the world over time.
Right-Zenith Plant in Reynosa, Mexico

38. Electronic Computer Industry
Computers and computer parts manufacturing requires a highly-skilled labor force.
It is concentrated in the Northeast, South and West Coast in areas where universities and research facilities are located.
Computer and parts
manufacturing requires
highly skilled workers and capital. It is clustered in the Northeast and the West Coast.

41. Nat. Geog. July, 06

42. Call Center in New Delhi, India-computer manufacturer for US & UK

43. Maquiladora in Nuevo Laredo, Mexico repairs telephones for AT&T

44. Motor Vehicle Parts Plants
American owned parts plants are clustered near the final assembly plants in the Rust Belt.
Foreign-owned plants tend to be located further south, where labor unions are weaker, wages, taxes and regulations are lower.
U.S.-owned parts plants are clustered near the main final assembly plants. Foreign-owned plants tend to be located further south, where labor unions are weaker.

46. Change in Steel Production, 1973–2002
Steel production has declined in the core and increased in the semiperiphery and periphery, especially in China, India, Brazil and South Korea
Steel production has generally declined in MDCs and increased in LDCs, especially in China, India, Brazil, and South Korea

47. Steel Production, & 2002
About 60% of global steel production took place in the Core in 2002 compared to 90% in 1973.
Growth of steel manufacturing in China has been especially dramatic.
About 60% of global steel production takes place in MDCs in 2002, compared to 90% in Growth of steel manufacturing in China has been especially dramatic.

48. Homework
Complete Ch#12 Guided Reading pt.II & study for the Ch#12 Test.
Ch#12 Test is on Monday March 30th