2. 1 the auto-id center sanjay sarma, research director

3. 2 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

4. 3 What’s wrong with bar-codes? Line-of-sight One-at-a-time Manual handling Limited range Limited data Non-line-of-sight 100(s) at a time Automatic handling ~1 meter 50 bits -Kbits

5. 4 Radio frequency identification systems (RFID)

6. 5 network with rf tags? yes.

7. 6 RFID Example RFID-Handbook "Radio-Frequency Identification: Fundamentals and Applications " 1st edition, Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-471-98851-0)

8. 7 example rfid applications Supply chain – Asset tracking, reduce out of stocks, reduce inventory, reduce bull-whip effect, speed up delivery, check freshness, track and trace, produce to demand, identify sources of diversion, identify counterfeiting, theft prediction, faster recalls Consumer applications – Direct order from home, smart appliances, (e.g. microwave, washing machine, refrigerator), smart healthcare, assisted living New and less expected applications – Customized products, smart recycling, checkout-less stores

9. 8 why low cost? 4

10. 9 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

11. 10 low cost rfid time 5 10 15 20 die size/cost, cents handling cost Silicon: 4c/mm 2

12. 11 why is rfid expensive today? increased chip sizegreater functionality reduce functionality (Networking & software) reduce chip size (handle small chips)

13. 12 Cheap protocol

14. 13 context-aware router sensor context-aware router sensor 01. 203D2A. 916E8B. 8719BAE03C Manufacturer 24 bits Product 24 bits Serial Number 40 bitsHeader 8 bits the hypothesis or bet Place unique number on tag Electronic Product Code, EPC 64 bit, 96 bit, and upwards Develop manufacturing technology for small chips and tags Move data on the network Network service for resolving EPC Network architecture for gathering and routing data

15. 14 Low cost RFID Antenna Manufacture Antenna/IC Assembly Conversion to Package End users IC Manufacture 20 ¢ 5¢5¢ 5¢5¢ IC Design $X Million Number of tags 1-2 ¢ 1¢1¢ 1¢1¢ 1¢1¢ IC Design $X Million Billions

16. 15 Slicing and Dicing Standard saw-dicing wasteful Instead, use separation by thinning C. Landesberger, S. Scherbaum, G. Schwinn, H. Spöhrle: “New Process Scheme for Wafer Thinning and Stress-free Separation of Ultra Thin IC’s,” Proceedings of Microsystems Technologies 2001, Mesago, Stuttgart, pp. 431-436, 2001.

17. 16 low cost rf tags 100  m

18. 17 Fluidic Self Assembly Courtesy Alien Technology

19. 18 vibratory assembly Chip Assembly Chip Design Label Converting Inlet Assembly Silicon Manufacturing Antenna Manufacturing End UserLabel / Tag Manufacturing Wafer Treatment Vacuum cylinder Courtesy Philips

20. 19 vibratory Assembly Chip Assembly Chip Design Label Converting Inlet Assembly Silicon Manufacturing Antenna Manufacturing End UserLabel / Tag Manufacturing Wafer Treatment Orientation Check Courtesy Philips

21. 20 Antenna Screen printing Etching Forming M. Feil, C. Adler, G. Klink & M. König: “ Interconnection Techniques for Ultra Thin ICs and MEMS Elements”, Proceedings of Microsystems Technologies 2001, Mesago, Stuttgart, pp. 437-442, 2001.

22. 21 conversion Paper/package/label industry expertise Scales well with mass production Capital equipment expenditure software paperhardware

23. 22 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

24. 23 how do we obtain the information? Connect Physical Objects to the Internet Automatic Seamless Low cost Ubiquitous Standard

25. 24 networking the physical world RF Tag Networked Tag Readers Savant Control System

26. 25 Architecture: Local Reader 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Tag Local database Reader Local network Data Processing

27. 26 Architecture: Global 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Reader Local database Reader Local network Local system ONS Internet 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C ???? Quality control specialist XQL PML Server 18.72.100.100 PML … …... 40 DEG C 5 DEG C Data Processing

28. 27 23AB.36C2.AB21.6733 Tag Reader Local database Reader Local network Local system ONS Internet 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C ???? Quality control specialist XQL PML Server 18.72.100.100 PML … …... 40 DEG C 5 DEG C Data Processing 01.203D2A.916E8B.8719BAE03C Inference Temperature OK

29. 28 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

30. 29 bull-whip today RETAILER 40 20 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Week Orders WHOLESALER DISTRIBUTOR FACTORY Sterman’s control policy

31. 30 bull-whip with auto-id technology RETAILER 40 20 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Week Orders WHOLESALER DISTRIBUTOR FACTORY Joshi 2000

32. 31 Areas of Supply Chain Research Strategic Tactical Operational Excellence

33. 32 Strategic applications Evolutionary Transportation Synchronization Inventory Management Algorithms Agile and Lean Supply Chains Make-To-Stock, Make-To-Order Engineer-To-Order Environments Revolutionary Distributed Intelligent Products Distributed Business Processes

34. 33 application: supply chain management Global Supply Chain

35. 34 Retail applications Shrinkage On-shelf stockout Customer service Product recall Regulatory

36. 35 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

37. 36 field trial

38. 37 field trial began 1 oct 2001, 9:41am edt

39. 38 Field Test Plan Phase I, software test: Sep 01 – Feb 02  Successful Phase II, open reader test:  Ongoing Phase III, Cheap tags test Phase IV, Japan, Europe

40. 39 outline RFID Systems Low Cost RFID Software Applications Field Trial Research opportunities Conclusions

41. 40 Research Issues Tag anti-collision Reader anti-collision Security and privacy Advanced sensor networks Data routing and handling IC Design IC manufacturing Silicon processing Chip assembly Polymers Controls/automation Manufacturing systems System Synthesis Supply chain issues

42. 41 Sensors Open tag Agile readerSavant Interoperability internet class ii tags

43. 42 conclusions RFID will happen Supply chain the first application Costs designed for retail Automotive applications clear Caveat: metal content creates new challenges