1. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM LBS Technologies and Test Methodologies

2. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 LBS Technologies LBS employs several different technologies: Only Mobile Based Technologies require additional Mobile Testing

3. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 BTS Antenna Advanced Forward Link Trilateration Advanced Forward Link Trilateration (AFLT) Mobile measures Pilot Phase (Distance) from BTSs  Measurements passed back to Network using IS-801-1 signaling  Network knows location of BTSs and Mobile’s distance from each BTS  Network calculates Mobile’s position BTS Antenna BTS Antenna Mobile

4. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Reference receiver provides GPS data and precise time to the PDE Network provides initial estimate of mobile position and assistance data to the mobile  In MS-Assisted mode, the mobile takes a ‘snapshot’ of the GPS satellites in view and reports distance data back to the PDE  PDE computes the position of the mobile  In MS-Based mode, the mobile computes its own position based on its internal measurements of the visible satellites

5. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Hybrid Uses A-GPS & AFLT Best of both technologies Phone reports ranges using GPS satellites and CDMA pilots Example:  QUALCOMM/SnapTrack’s gpsOne  The de facto standard in the CDMA industry

6. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 CDMA LBS Architecture Key Network Entities: PSAP Public Service Answering Point MS MPC Mobile Positioning Center GPS Reference Network MSC BSC PDE BS Position Determination Entity  PDE calculates Mobile position  MPC controls PDE and MS  PSAP terminates emergency calls

7. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 LBS Market Perspective LBS: A growing market  Varying estimates between US$20B ~ US$82B by 2005  Some expect LBS will account for 20% of wireless data revenue by 2005 US: Still mostly driven by E911 Phase II mandate  Deployments started in 2002  Expected to be widely adopted in 2005 Asia: Many commercial LBS applications have already started generating revenue  Example: ‘EZ Navi’ service from KDDI in Japan Europe: Commercial LBS and growing interest in E112  GSM/WCDMA standards from 3GPP  Commercial deployments expected to start in 2005

8. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Why Test LBS Performance? There are 3 main reasons for testing LBS applications: Customer Satisfaction  In this growing market, LBS performance will be a critical contributor to widespread customer adoption Carrier Acceptance  Without Carrier acceptance, mobiles cannot be brought to market Mandatory Test Requirements  Governments are dictating performance criteria for Safety of Life LBS applications (e.g. E911 & E112)

9. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Customer Satisfaction Minimum Performance Tests  TIA-916 (IS-916) is a published Minimum Performance Test Specification for location-capable mobiles: GPS Performance Tests: Accuracy Test (Stationary) Accuracy Test (Moving) Dynamic Range Test Multipath Test Sensitivity Test AFLT Performance Tests: Accuracy Test Sensitivity Test Hybrid Performance Tests: 3 Satellite, 2 pilots + 1 Satellite

10. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Carrier Acceptance Most major CDMA carriers have created their own LBS-capable mobile acceptance criteria based around Spirent’s PLTS Some key carriers using PLTS: Verizon AllTel KDDI SKT KTF China Unicom CHINA UNICOM KTFKTF

11. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Mandatory Test Requirements FCC E911 Phase II Test Requirements  The are currently NO mandatory Lab Based tests defined  OET 71 describes the mandatory field test procedure for FCC validation This procedure is both costly and time consuming, but must be carried out Lab based testing allows Mobiles to be pre- screened to SAVE TIME and MONEY

12. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM An Introduction to IS-801.1

13. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview GPSGlobal Positioning System 24 Satellites Continuously Orbit the Earth GPS L1 Frequency: 1575.42MHz Orbit: 20,000km, 11,000 miles Complete Message lasts 750s Slide 7

14. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview Key Features of GPS satellites: Each GPS satellite has a VERY accurate Clock. All GPS satellites are exactly synchronized. Each satellite transmits a unique PRN Code. The position of each satellite is precisely known. Slide 8

15. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 How does a normal GPS receiver work? When you FIRST power up a GPS receiver it takes a significant amount of time to locate the satellites. The SECOND time you power up a GPS receiver it takes only a few seconds to find the satellites. Why the difference? GPS Overview 15~20 mins 30~60 seconds Slide 9

16. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview GPS Receiver First time Power-Up: GPS Receiver does NOT know: - Time (GPS) - Rough Location of GPS Receiver - Satellite Locations Without any ONE of these items the GPS receiver must Search for the Satellites Slide 10

17. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Earth’s Surface GPS Receiver GPS Receiver Starts to Scan for a GPS Signal Searching for GPS Satellites First time Power-Up: Slide 11

18. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Earth’s Surface GPS Receiver Once a Satellite is found, the receiver starts to download GPS Data GPS Overview Slide 12

19. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview GPS Data: Almanac Orbital Patterns of the Satellites (Each satellite transmits the orbits of all other satellites.) Time Time Of Week (TOW) Week Number (WN) Ephemeris Errors in orbital patterns (Each satellite transmits own ephemeris data.) It takes 12 ½ minutes to download the full set of data! Slide 13

20. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Earth’s Surface GPS Receiver GPS Receiver continues to scan for more GPS signals GPS Overview Slide 14

21. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Earth’s Surface GPS Receiver As the GPS receiver locks on to more satellites it starts to download their GPS data. GPS Overview Slide 15

22. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Eatontown, NJ! GPS Receiver Once the GPS receiver has locked onto four satellites and downloaded the Almanac and Ephemeris data it can now calculate its position. GPS Overview Slide 16

23. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview GPS Receiver Second time Power-Up: GPS Receiver DOES know: - Time - Last Position of the GPS Receiver - GPS Data GPS Receiver Stores the GPS Information Slide 17

24. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GPS Overview Slide 17 Antenna & GPS Receiver (Mobile) Storage of Time, Almanac & Ephemeris Data (Network) IS-801.1 Messages A-GPS can be thought of as a GPS receiver split in 2 parts

25. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Overview What is IS-801.1? Position Determination Service Standard for Dual Mode Spread Spectrum Systems This specification defines the Air Interface Messages passed between the Network and the Mobile phone.

26. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Overview IS-801.1 Message consists of two parts: Transport Protocol The METHOD of passing the location information between the mobile and the network. Location Data The location INFORMATION to be passed between the mobile and the network.

27. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Overview IS-801.1 Message Transport Protocol & Location Data Transport Protocol Location Data IS-801.1 Message

28. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Overview Transport Protocol IS-801.1 Currently ONLY defines ‘Data Burst Messages’ But… QUALCOMM has also defined a TCP/IP protocol which can be used.

29. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Overview Location Data Contain 3 main Parts: Session ID Information Request Elements Response Elements Session Information Request Elements Response Elements Number Requests Number Responses Location Data

30. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 IS-801.1 Messages Request MS Information & Pilot Phase Measurement Provide MS Information Provide Pilot Phase Measurement Request Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement Request Acquisition Assistance Provide Acquisition Assistance Request Location Response, Provide Pseudorange & Pilot Phase Measurement Provide Location Response BTS MS

31. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM An Introduction to TIA-916

32. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TIA-916 “Recommended Minimum Performance Specification for TIA/EIA/IS-801-1 Spread Spectrum Mobile Stations” What is TIA-916? Note 5. Those wishing to deploy systems in the United States should also take notice of the requirement to be compliant with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ruling on 911 Emergency Services. Meeting the requirements contained in this standard (TIA-916) does not guarantee compliance with the FCC requirements listed in FCC 00-326, CC Docket No. 94-102.

33. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TIA-916 Minimum Performance Testing TIA-916 has two main test sections: AFLT Tests GPS Tests Hybrid Tests & The Hybrid section is just for completeness

34. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TIA-916 GPS Performance Tests GPS Performance GPS Accuracy Test (Stationary) GPS Dynamic Range Test GPS Sensitivity Test GPS Multipath Accuracy Test GPS Accuracy Test (Moving)

35. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 AFLT Tests AFLT Performance Tests AFLT Accuracy Test AFLT Sensitivity Test

36. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM CDMA Position Location Test System (PLTS)

37. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS Hardware  PLTS Hardware –2 SR3452V2 CDMA Network Emulator –GSS5060 GPS Simulator –TAS3710 PDE –Controller PC –8 Port Ethernet Router Slide 1

38. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Spirent PLTS Overview  Builds on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS test and wireless channel emulation  Commercial PDE integrated into system, enabling true lab- based interoperability testing against identical software deployed in networks Unique Attributes  Repeatable characterization of GPS, AFLT, and Hybrid performance is challenging and costly through field tests  As focus turns to commercial location-based services it is critical to characterize end-user experience Key Test Issues The world’s first integrated test solution for location-capable CDMA mobile devices

39. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 What is a “SuperRack”? PLTS can combine with C2K-ATS CDMA Automatic Test System to form a complete, integrated test system for CDMA Mobile Device testing:  Stage 1 (IS-98) Minimum Performance  Stage 2 (IS-898) Signaling Conformance  IS-801-1/IS-916 Position Location Common network emulation, impairment and test configuration resource

40. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Key PLTS Features Easy-to-use test executive software with test automation  Includes automated mobile control and monitoring Test suites for industry-standard test specifications  Test Suites based on TIA-916 are supplied Real PDE algorithms for representative system testing  Allows meaningful Interoperability testing and Hybrid testing of mobiles that do not self-determine location Impairments Option for CDMA field scenario testing  e.g. signal blockage, multipath interference, Doppler spreading

41. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Key PLTS Features Supports both mobile initiated and mobile terminated positioning sessions Supports both Control Plane and User Plane transport mechanisms  Integrated support for IS-801-1 signaling for Control Plane technologies  Optional support for QUALCOMM ® User Plane architecture and KDDI-proprietary User Plane technologies Real PDE Integrated within system (SnapTrack ® )

42. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS System Architecture CDMA Position Location Test System (PLTS)

43. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS System Elements Test Executive Software (TASKIT/PLTS) GPS SimLOCATE software (GSS5060) CDMA Network Emulator (AirAccess C2K) SnapTrack ® PDE (TAS3710) Universal Diagnostic Monitor (UDM V2) Impairments Option: RF Channel Emulator (SR5500) with AWGN Option Test Configuration Kit (TAS5068)

44. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TASKIT/PLTS Software Single point of control for all system elements Fully automates every aspect of test execution:  Data collection  Results reporting  Results analysis Test suites defined in terms of parameters required in a particular test, not instrument- specific settings

45. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TASKIT/PLTS Test Suites IS-916 Test Suites General Parameters System Date / Time GPS and CDMA Network Parameters Map View of CDMA Environment

46. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TASKIT/PLTS Results Reporting All test parameters and results stored in an Microsoft ® Access database for post processing Standardized results formats in TASKIT/ PLTS enable meaningful performance comparisons to be shared between service providers, test labs and manufacturers

47. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator  SimLOCATE software supports two locations: –One for mobile –One for static PDE (Using Virtual Receiver)  Generates up to 12 GPS L1 C/A Code Satellite signals  Emulates signal impairments: –Atmospheric effects –Static multipath –Blockage  Built on Spirent’s global leadership in GPS environment emulation

48. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 SimLOCATE Application Software Sky Plot Mobile Location Reference Receiver File Mobile File File Cabinet Visible Satellite Details & Received Power Levels Simulation Date/Time

49. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Real-Time GPS Satellite Power Control Visible satellites Real time control of satellite power Absolute or relative to GPS nominal (-130 dBm) Turn individual satellites on or off in real time Sliders control each channel independently or all channels together

50. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator Real-time IS-95/IS-2000 multi-cell Network emulation Support for IS-801-1 signaling Platform enables both Control Plane (Data Burst) and User Plane (TCP/IP) delivery methods Multi-sector, multi-BSC emulation permits true soft, softer and hard handoffs

51. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 AirAccess C2K Application Software Test Results Window Test Configuration Window File Cabinet Message Analyzer

52. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 AirAccess C2K Message Analysis Message Analyzer Includes Full IS-801-1 Message Decode

53. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 AirAccess C2K BTS Configuration PN Offset and Power Level Overhead Message Configu- ration

54. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 TAS3710 PDE Network Entity, hosted on server platform and configured for test system application Uses SnapTrack ® / QUALCOMM ® PDE algorithms PLTS system architecture capable of supporting multiple PDE software versions, including algorithms from other PDE vendors, for comprehensive interoperability testing

55. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor Enables test automation by providing simultaneous remote control and monitoring of mobile RF Shielded Box GPS Signals & CDMA Pilots Remote Control and Monitoring of Mobile Under Test UDM

56. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Complements PLTS by expanding Spirent’s position location testing capabilities into the field environment  Full IS-801-1 message logging & decoding  Location charting  Statistical error analysis for E911 Phase II compliance per FCC OET Bulletin No. 71 UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor

57. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS Impairments Option Emulates representative CDMA propagation impairments in rural, suburban and urban environments:  signal blockage, fading, multipath and noise Helps reduce the need for expensive field test campaigns to validate location-capable mobile devices beyond their minimum performance TAS5048 Test Configuration Unit SR5500 RF Channel Emulator (With AWGN Option)

58. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS User Plane Option Standard capabilities of Spirent’s PLTS system extended with User Plane option  Simulation of QUALCOMM ® ’s User Plane architecture integrated onto the PLTS platform  Includes flexible emulation of the Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) network entity required for authentication  Extends performance analysis capabilities of the PLTS system by providing User Plane implementations of test cases based on TIA-916 specification

59. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Integrated Support in TASKIT/PLTS Extends existing minimum performance and system performance test cases with User Plane-specific test parameters Provides ability to analyze behavior of mobile/LBS application against each supported call flow

60. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Flexible MPC Emulation PLTS emulates interface between mobile and Mobile Positioning Center (MPC) Highly flexible configuration interface provides control over MS-MPC message content  Both SMS and TCP/IP-Based Protocols Behavior of mobile device can be analyzed across all possible MS-MPC message formats and content Configurations stored in standard file format and recalled into TASKIT/PLTS

61. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Minimum Performance Test Cases User Plane package includes minimum performance test cases based on IS-916 standard Enable complete performance analysis of underlying positioning technologies (AFLT/GPS/Hybrid) employed by LBS applications Help characterize end-user experience of LBS applications

62. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Roadmap for PLTS User Plane Option Network emulation support included in PLTS User Plane option will be delivered in two phases Phase 1 feature set available in December 2004 (PLTS Version 2.0)  QUALCOMM ® V1 User Plane Technologies Phase 2 feature set available in May 2005 (PLTS Version 3.0)  QUALCOMM ® V2 User Plane Technologies  Optional support over EV-DO

63. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 Basic PLTS System Configuration PLTS-EX CDMA Position Location Test System  AirAccess C2K CDMA Network Emulator (includes two SR3452s)  GSS5060 GPS Location Simulator  TAS3710 PDE  TASKIT/PLTS Software  UDM V2 Universal Diagnostic Monitor

64. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS Hardware Options PLTS-IMP4 Impairments Option for PLTS  SR5500 RF Channel Emulator  AWGN Option  C2K-TCU2-KIT Test Configuration Kit (includes TAS5048)  PLTS-IMP-TS1 Impairment Support for TASKIT/PLTS

65. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM Proprietary - © 2003 Spirent Communications.Rev 1.01 PLTS Software Options PLTS-USER-PLANE User Plane Option for PLTS PLTS-APIRemote Control API Option PLTS-KDDI-TS KDDI Test Suites PLTS-JPNKDDI Protocol Support

66. Analyze Assure Accelerate TM All trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners Copyright © 2004 Spirent Communications Inc. Analyze |Assure |Accelerate ™