1. Avian Influenza Testing In Birds in California Ben Sun, DVM, MPVM 916-552-9740bsun@dhs.ca.gov California Department of Health Services

2. Ecology and Epidemiology LPAIV (H1-16) Exposure Adaptation HPAIV (H5/H7) HA Mutation Key: Exposure to Domestic Waterfowl Asian H5N1 HPAIV Re-adaptation

3. California Avian Sub-Populations Commercial Layers Commercial Broilers Commercial Turkeys Commercial Game Birds Backyard/Hobby Pet Birds Exotic Birds Wild Birds SPF/Research Game Fowl Feed Stores Pet Stores Custom Slaughter Auctions Swap Meets Shows Proximity Socialization Commercial Ducks

4. Laboratories Testing for AI in CA 1. California Animal Health and Food Safety Lab (CAHFS) – Primary veterinary lab system statewide under CDFA 2.Private Poultry Industry – Screening tests in- house using AGID, forward positive samples to CAHFS for characterization 3.San Diego County Agriculture Dept. – Limited testing of all avian species in County Vet lab 4.UC Davis Researcher – Dr. Carol Cardona who is also testing some wild birds for the UCD Wildlife Health Center project

5. CAHFS Laboratory Locations http://cahfs.ucdavis.edu/

6. Exp. ID Isolate ID Host Species LocationSerotype F9602092 A/emu/CA/2092/96 EmuFresnoH10N7 F9700039 A/TK/CA/39/97 TurkeyFresnoH9N2 F9700663 A/DK/WA/663/97 DuckWAH11N9 D9802373 A/phst/CA/2372/98 PheasantWoodlandH9N2 K9900755 A/CK/CA/755/99 ChickenSan JoseH10N7 K9901022 A/quail/CA/1022/99 QuailSan JoseH10N7 S0210477 A/CK/CA/10477/02 ChickenFontanaH6N2 D0208651 A/TK/CA/8651/02 TurkeyHollisterH5N2 S0206754 A/CK/CA/6754/02 ChickenRiversideH6N2 K0300345 A/CK/CA/345/03 ChickenRiponH6N2 S0306450 A/CK/CA/6450/03 ChickenSan DiegoH6N2 S0402354 A/quail/CA/2354/04 QuailLos AngelesH6N2 S0404078 A/CK/CA/4078/04 ChickenLos AngelesH6N2 Low Path AI in CA

7. AI Testing in California (January-June, 2005) SOURCEFREQUENCY NO. ACCESSIONS AuctionsMonthly/Quarterly350 Backyard/Hobby On Demand 1291 Commercial Poultry Pre-TransportVoluntary On Demand 1868 Custom Slaughter Monthly250 Feed Stores Monthly/Quarterly916 Game Birds In Development 15 Pet/Exotic On Demand 409 Swap Meets Monthly/Quarterly100 Wild Birds On Demand 31 TOTAL5240 Source: D. Rolfe, CAHFS 1 lab accession may represent 1-100 birds Approx 25,000 birds tested

9. Wild Bird Issues 1.Very few wild birds being tested 2.Future plans nationwide for a coordinated wild bird surveillance system (USDA) 3.Further info on HPAI H5N1 in wild birds and recommendations for handling wild birds at USGS website http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/WHB/WHB_05_03.html http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/research/avian_influenza/HPAI082005.pdf

10. Poultry Issues 1.Coordinating notification and response with CDFA 2.Occupational health concerns for poultry workers 3.Contact your local CDFA district office http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/professional/protect-guid.htm http://www.osha.gov/dsg/guidance/avian-flu.html http://www.osha.gov/dts/shib/shib121304.html

11. CDFA District Offices http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/ahfss/ah/offices.htm

12. Conclusions 1.Wild birds are genetic reservoirs of all AI virus genes which are genetically very diverse 2.LPAIV maintained in wildbirds, and must be adapted to pass to domestic poultry 3.HPAIV arise in poultry and historically have not gone back to wild birds 4.Asian H5N1 HPAIV has readapted to some wild bird species creating a new mechanism of spread 5.Asian poultry production is very different than USA and poses different risks for HPAI introduction and maintenance 6. Comprehensive surveillance and early detection and response are key to minimizing the impact of HPAI in animals and humans 7. Planning, communication, and coordination must continue to increase our preparedness for HPAI and possible pandemic