1. ANDS, Infrastructure Development & Corruption in Afghanistan
Hamdard Hamdullah (MEP13211)
Infrastructure Development Advisor,
Ministry of Finance,
The Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Date: 18 July 2014

2. Afghanistan Development Framework Socio-Economic Development in the Short, Medium and Long term
15 Years
Millennium Development Goals
5 Years
National Development Strategy
5 Years
Afghanistan Compact
3 Years
Medium Term Fiscal Framework
Annual
1 Year
1387 Budget
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

3. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
Importance of the ANDS
Donors will not channel their funds through the Government’s core budget if there is no prioritized strategic plan or implementation arrangement.
This means that the Government doesn’t have access to donor funded programs/projects and has no control over them.
Importantly, the bilateral implementation of projects without consultation or approval from Government ministries/agencies has meant that a number of the programs/projects have been conducted repeatedly and inefficiently in different parts of the country which is a waste of time and resources.
Many development priorities have to date been defined by donors and not by the Government of Afghanistan.
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

4. Importance of the ANDS …
In the absence of sectorial strategies, national programs and implementation arrangements, the Government has not been able to ensure that donor countries align their funding with the Government’s plans to increase effectiveness and efficiency.
The Government has been continually criticized by the international and donor community of corruption, low capacity and not having a National Strategy in which priorities are identified, programs/projects defined, implementing agencies introduced and sources for implementation identified.
This absence of a clear policy, vision and plan has created problems for the three branches of the Government; the judicial, constitutional and executive branches. Balance and coordination among the three branches depends on a national plan to provide specific guidance for all branches.
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

5. Our Vision for Afghanistan’s Future
By the solar year 1400 (2020), Afghanistan will be:
A stable Islamic constitutional democracy at peace with itself and its neighbors, standing with full dignity in the international family.
A tolerant, united, and pluralist nation that honors its Islamic heritage and deep aspirations toward participation, justice, and equal rights for all.
A society of hope and prosperity based on a strong, private sector-led market economy, social equity, and environmental sustainability.
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

6. Afghanistan National Development Strategy
The ANDS is a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)-based plan that serves as Afghanistan’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). It is underpinned by the principles, pillars and benchmarks of the Afghanistan Compact.
ANDS
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

7. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
ANDS Institutional Structure
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

8. Who were involved in the development process of the ANDS?
The Government of Afghanistan: The president, cabinet, ministries, independent departments and commissions, municipalities, governors, provincial development committees, provincial departments of line ministries, district councils, embassies of Afghanistan in the other countries.
The Government of Afghanistan: National Assembly (Upper and Lower Houses), provincial councils, elected councils at the district and village level.
Civil society: local development councils, unions, organizations, political parties, NGOs, associations and private sector.
Academics: universities, scientific and professional organizations and councils, science academy
The International Community: United Nations, Embassies, Donors, NGOs, international private sectors, PRTs
And also: minorities, Kuchis (nomads), disabled and war victims, Afghan residents and refugees outside of the country, national and international media
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

9. ANDS Participatory Process
17 Sector
Strategies
39 Ministry/Agency
Strategies
34 Provincial Development Plans (PDPs)
345 District Development Plans (DDPs)
17500 Community Development Plans (CDPs)
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

10. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
More than afghans (46% women) participated in the Sub National Consultation process
Public Awareness Campaign in 27 provinces during 2006
First Pilot Round of Sub National Consultations, March 2007
Second Round of Sub National Consultations, jun-Sep 2007
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
Third Round of Sub National Consultations, Feb 2008

11. Role of the National Assembly in the Development Process of the ANDS
Active participation of both male and female parliamentarians in the sub national consultation process of the ANDS
Significant contribution in the consultative meetings on provincial development plans
Significant involvement in the meetings on integrating the PDP priorities in the ministries strategies.
Contribution and participation of NA members on the national budget 1387 which were based on the ANDS
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

12. Clusters for Achieving ANDS Results
Overview
Structural Composition
Clusters designed to enable strong leadership that facilitates ministries to deliver concrete results over the next months
Clusters prioritize ANDS around key criteria - jobs and service delivery -- through bankable programs
Donors support government priorities at 80% of their budgets, improving coordination
Ministerial Clusters will operate at strategic (decision making) level
Cluster Working Level will include Deputy Ministers, Director Generals and STAs
Cluster Secretariat will be staffed by MoF/ANDS
Cluster Coordinating Committee will provide oversight and integration role
Planning Process for Kabul
March: Clusters define goals, strategy and key interventions against the stated criteria:
Ability to deliver jobs, directly and indirectly
Nationwide coverage
Builds on existing interventions
Ability to attract more investment
April: Analyze bankable programs to determine:
Top up or scale-out of existing programs
Re-design of programs to meet criteria
Scale-down of poor performing or non- aligned programs
Outline of new programs to fill gaps
May: Integrate plans, receive Cabinet and JCMB endorsement and deliver at Kabul Conference

13. Cluster Planning Process
February
March
April
May 1 2 3 4
Cluster Coordinators & Ministers
Validate Strategy & Interventions
Send Plan to Cabinet for Endorsement
Bankable Program Decision Meetings
Validate Cluster Objectives & Goals
Endorse Integrated Cluster Plan
Ministry Working
Level Staff
Review Strategy & Interventions
Review Cluster Plan
Review Cluster Objectives & Goals
Review of Bankable Program Analysis
Prepare Ministry & Sector Analysis
Cluster Secretariat
Prepare Strategy & Interventions docs
Prepare Materials
Prepare Integrated Cluster Plan
Prepare Bankable Program Analysis
Donor
Meetings
Explanation of Cluster process
Present Cluster Vision, Strategy, Interventions
Present Bankable Programs & Outline Cluster Plan
JCMB Review & Endorse at Kabul Conference

14. Bankable Program Decision Tree
Has currently committed funds
YES
Funds cans be re-committed or re-allocated
YES
Bankable Program Decision Tree 3 4 NO
YES NO
Terminate Program
Re-Allocate Funds to Qualified Program NO
Considered Viable Program NO
Re-Design Program to Meet Criteria 2 NO NO
Continue Program
Allocate More Resources
Meets Cluster Criteria
PARTLY
Considered Viable Program
YES
Program can be re-designed
YES 1 2 3
YES
Considered Viable Program
YES
Can Scale Up in Volume
YES
Can Scale Out Regionally
YES 2 3 4 NO
(or Not Needed) NO
(or Not Needed)
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

15. Government of Afghanistan Structure for ANDS Clusters Coordination
President & Cabinet
Joint Coordination and
Monitoring Board
Cluster Coordination
Committee (CCC)
(Chair Min. Zakhilwal)
Cluster Coordinators
Policy Directorate
DM for Policy
Office Support
Strategic Implementation
Directorate
CCC Secretariat
(Director - DM Policy)
Civilian Technical
Assistance Directorate
Operations Directorate
Agriculture & Rural
Development Cluster
[ ]
Human Resource
Development Cluster
[ ]
Infrastructure and Economic
Development Cluster
[ ]
Cluster
Secretariat
(2-4 ppl)
Cluster
Ministers
(plus 1 DM
& 1 TA per
ministry)
Cluster
Secretariat
(2-4 ppl)
Cluster
Ministers
(plus 1 DM
& 1 TA per
ministry)
Cluster
Secretariat
(2-4 ppl)
Cluster
Ministers
(plus 1 DM
& 1 TA per
ministry)
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

16. Core Cluster Participation
(Coordinator)
Cluster 1
Secretariat
(2-4 ppl)
Cluster 1
Ministers
(plus 1 DM
& 1 TA per
ministry)
Cluster Coordinator
Minister 1
Minister 2
Minister 3
Minister 4
Ministerial participation
Strategic guidance
Oversight of process
Endorsement of results
Ministry Support
Ministry 1 Deputy Minister
Ministry 1 Senior Advisor
Ministry 2 Deputy Minister
Ministry 2 Senior Advisor
Knowledge of Ministry
Programs and projects
Technical planning skills
Reach-in to Ministry
Preparation of Ministry
plans within the Cluster
Secretariat
Cluster Manager
Senior Technical Advisor
Drafter / Organizer
Facilitation of planning
Background analysis
Objective technical support
Preparation of drafts
Deconflict and synch plans
with other Clusters
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

17. Infrastructure Development
There are four National Priority Programs in Infrastructure Development Cluster
NRRCP (Airports, Civil Aviation, Roads, Railway)
NEIEP (Mining and Extractive Industries)
NESP (HPPs, Renewable energy, Transmission Lines, Power generation and electricity import)
UMSP (urban development projects, construction of towns, urban roads, and canalizations)
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

18. Classification of External Assistance by ANDS Sectors (2011)
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

19. Clusters Priorities & Objectives (Proposed)
Goal Statement: “The goal of the clusters is to increase collaboration between Ministries and to develop and implement a clear, prioritized agenda aimed at addressing the key development challenges of the sector.” (London paper on Economic Development)
Agriculture and Rural Development Cluster Objectives
Human Resource Development Cluster Objectives
Infrastructure and Economic Development Cluster Objectives
The GoA will build prosperous rural communities through focus on:
The GoA will prepare Afghans for the labour market through focus on:
The GoA will develop a business climate that enables private investment through focus on:
1. Improving access to water and irrigation
1. Increasing the number and quality of University Graduates
1. Increasing access to energy
2. Improving access to rural credit
2. Bridging gap between graduation and recruitment
2. Creating a modern transportation backbone
3. Improving applied research and technology transfer services for farmers & kuchis
3. Increasing number and quality of vocational education
3. Facilitating growth of business and trade
4. Improving access to rural energy
4. Utilizing public private partnerships in the provision of training
4. Preparing Afghanistan for large-scale investment in the extractive industries

20. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
Overall Financing Envelope for the ANDS (2008‑2013)
/09 US$m
/10 US$m
/11 US$m
/12 US$m
/13 US$m
Total US$m
Core + External Budget Funding
Domestic Revenue
887
1,104
1,351
1,611
1,911
6,864
Total Assistance from Donors*
6,513
4,960
4,814
4,398
3,908
24,593
Total Funding*
7,400
6,064
6,165
6,009
5,819
31,457
Budgeted Core + External Expenditure
Security
3219
2585
2679
2790
2906
14179
Infrastructure
1781
3093
3681
4180
4451
17185
Agriculture and Rural Development
829
921
916
909
912
4486
Education and Culture
742
893
980
1077
1181
4872
Good Governance and Rule of Law
374
558
640
685
728
2985
Health & Nutrition
325
465
530
563
595
2478
Economic Governance & PSD
237
215
230
244
260
1186
Social Protection
192
359
394
421
449
1815
Others (Sub Codes)
205
198
185
170
157
915
Total Expenditure
7,903
9,286
10,236
11,038
11,637
50,100
* Based on discussions with donors and the 1386 (2007) financial review
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

21. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
Corruption & Infrastructure Factors facilitating corruption in infrastructure, by Level
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

22. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

23. Corruption vulnerabilities project cycle
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

24. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
Vulnerabilities to Corruption in Afghanistan’s Road Construction Sector
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By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211

25. By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211
7/18/2014
By Hamdard Hamdullah, MEP13211