1. Maps Maps are model representations of a three dimensional world. Latitude and Longitude give us two dimensions Elevation gives us the third In order to fit a spherical world on a two dimensional surface maps must have some distortion.

2. Projections

3. Fields and Isolines A field is any region of space that has some measurable value at every point in that region. An isoline is a line that connects points of equal value in a field.

6. Type of Isolines Isotherm - an isoline for temperature Isobar - an isoline for air pressure Contour Line - an isoline for elevation

7. Rules for Drawing Isolines Lines must connect points of equal value Lines can not cross each other Lines can not end in the middle of the field, they must run off the edge of the field or connect with themselves

8. Same Latitude and Longitude Two different elevations

9. Features Cliffs or steep slopes –Contour lines are closer together

12. Features Cliffs or steep slopes –Contour lines are closer together Streams As contour lines cross a stream they point upstream

14. Features Cliffs or steep slopes –Contour lines are closer together Streams As contour lines cross a stream they point upstream Depressions Pits or depressions are shown by hachure lines

18. Do Now Define the following ters: Gradient Relief Contour interval Benchmark Isoline Index Contour Line Haschure Line