2. Mobile Phones Done By : 1.Saed Fathi 1998 / 2104 2.Ramy Ghaboun 2002 / 1895 3. Abd Al_Rhman Tabeel 2001 / 0306 Supervision : Dr.eng. Basil Hammad

3. Contents Introduction Cells Multiple Access Mobile Generations

4. Introduction What is a mobile phone ? It is a device for sending voice and data through radio signals to the mobile and telephone network. What is BTS ? Base Transceiver (transmitter and receiver) Station. Mobile Network

5. Cells ACTUAL COVERAGE AREA OF CELL 1 Cell Cluster Hexagon shape

6. Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) PATTERN CAN BE REPLICATED OVER THE ENTIRE EARTH 200 FREQUENCIES IN ONE CELL TOTAL NUM BER OF FREQUENCIES = 1400 WORLDWIDE MANY CELLS CAN SHARE SAME FREQUENCIES IF SEPARATED IN SPACE Why Wireless?

7. Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDMA) k2k2 k3k3 k4k4 k5k5 k6k6 k1k1 f t c

8. f t c FREQUENCY BAND Time Division Multiplexing (TDMA)

9. f t c Combination Between FDMA &TDMA

10. f t c Code Division Multiplexing (CDMA)

11. First Generation Single cell systems - Push-to-talk Phones. - Dual-channel Phones. Cellular systems -AMPS. -TACS. -AMPS & TACS.

12. 2. Generation nd

13. INTERFACE TO LAND TELEPHONE NETWORKS HIERARCHY OF CELLS CELL TRANSMITTER & RECEIVER PHONE SIM: IDENTIFIES A SUBSCRIBER DATA RATE: 9.6 Kbps 2. Generation GSM Architecture nd

14. 2.5 Generation General (GPRS) Architecture

15. Cell Handover AS PHONE MOVES FROM CELL “A” TO CELL “B”: CELL “A” MUST HAND THE CALL OVER TO “B” PHONE MUST CHANGE FREQUENCIES CELL “A” MUST STOP TRANSMITTING Minimum performance contour Handover threshold contour A Bxy z

16. 2 Subscriber Services : There are two basic types of services offered through GSM: Telephon (also referred to as teleservices) and data (also referred to as bearer services). Short Message Services. Cell Broadcast. Call Forwarding. Call Hold. Call Waiting. Multiparty Services. Closed User Groups (CUGS). nd

17. 3. Generation th

18. UMTS -Main Characteristics The main Features of 3G systems, known collectively as IMT–2000, are single family of compatible standards Main characteristics UMTS supports the virtual home environment (VHE) concept

19. UMTS –Data Rates

20. The UMTS architecture is split into:  core (switching) network  UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)  User Equipment UMTS Architecture

21. UTRAN-Node B

22. Summary First Analog, circuit-switched (AMPS) Second Digital, circuit-switched (GSM) –10 Kbps 2.5 –Digital, packet-switched, TDMA (GPRS) 40-400 Kbps Third –Digital, packet-switched, wideband CDMA (UMTS) 0.4 – 2 Mbps Fourth –Data rate 100 Mbps.

23. Q A &

25. Code Division 110DATA 111111110000000000“CODE” 000000000011111111 DATA  CODE +1 ACTUAL SIGNAL

26. Code Division 100DATA B 011001110100010100“CODE” B 100100011111001011 DATA  CODE +1 ACTUAL SIGNAL B

27. Two CDMA Signals +1 ACTUAL SIGNAL A +1 ACTUAL SIGNAL B ACTUAL SIGNAL A+B +2 -2

28. Recovering Data A From A+B +2 -2 ACTUAL SIGNAL A+B 111111110000000000“CODE” A +2 -2 -(A+B) * CODE A +1 INTEGRAL 1 0 1