1. NCIP 2005 1 SEGMENTATION OF MEDICAL IMAGES USING ACTIVE CONTOURS AND GRADIENT VECTOR FLOW B.Hemakumar M.Tech student, Biomedical signal processing and Instrumentation, Dept. of Electronics and Instrumentation, SASTRA deemed university, Tanjore, India.

2. NCIP 2005 2 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION 1. Active contours Introduction Applications Problems – conventional snakes 2. Existing Methods 3.GVF Method GVF snake Results 4. Conclusion

3. NCIP 2005 3 ACTIVE CONTOURS Active contours -- or snakes -- are computer- generated curves that move within images to find object boundaries Curves defined within an image domain that can move under the influence of internal forces within the curve itself and external forces derived from the image data

4. NCIP 2005 4 ACTIVE CONTOURS contd… Basic idea – MODELLING Basic idea – MODELLING MODEL evaluated based on INT & EXT properties MODEL evaluated based on INT & EXT properties MODEL can move, shrink and expand MODEL can move, shrink and expand 3 Forces govern the motion of SNAKE 3 Forces govern the motion of SNAKE  Int. forces  Ext. forces  Image forces

5. NCIP 2005 5 APPLICATIONS CARDIAC DISORDERS CARDIAC DISORDERS  CC – GOLD STANDARD  Role of Active contour PROSTATE CANCER PROSTATE CANCER  Biopsy  Role of Active contours

6. NCIP 2005 6 PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL SNAKES Snakes cannot move toward objects that are too far away Snakes cannot move into boundary concavities or indentations

7. NCIP 2005 7 EXISTING METHODS Multiresolution methods have addressed the issue of initialization, but specifying how the snake should move across different resolutions remains problematic Pressure forces, can push an active contour into boundary concavities, but cannot be too strong or “weak” edges will be overwhelmed Distance potential forces Control points Solenoidal external fields

8. NCIP 2005 8 EXISTING METHODS contd.. Previous efforts to solve these problems have not been completely successful, and have often created new problems along with the proposed solutions.

9. NCIP 2005 9 GVF METHOD We present a new class of external forces for active contour models that addresses the problems listed previously. The GVF forces are used to drive the snake, modeled as a physical object having a resistance to both stretching and bending, toward the boundaries of the object. The GVF forces are calculated by applying generalized diffusion equations to both components of the gradient of an image edge map.

10. NCIP 2005 10 GVF METHOD contd.. Because the GVF forces are derived from a diffusion operation, they tend to extend very far away from the object. This extends the "capture range" so that snakes can find objects that are quite far away from the snake's initial position. This same diffusion creates forces which can pull active contours into concave regions.

11. NCIP 2005 11 RESULTS We have developed a graphical user interface (GUI) using MATLAB 6.1 MRI and ultrasound Imaging were done at Govt. General hospital, Karaikal. We have tested our GVF snake on many types of objects, from simple shapes to magnetic resonance images of the heart and brain, renal and prostate cancer ultrasound images

12. NCIP 2005 12 RESULTS contd.. (GUI)

13. NCIP 2005 13 RESULTS contd.. MRI images of Heart Ultrasound images of the prostate cancer

14. NCIP 2005 14 CONCLUSION The GVF snake is a new approach to active contours and surfaces. It focuses on the design of the external force first, and the implementation of the snake second. The computations are straightforward, i.e., the diffusion equations are simple to calculate, and the result is always better than the traditional snake.

15. NCIP 2005 15 KEY REFERENCES 1.Chenyang Xu and Jerry L. Prince, “Gradient Vector Flow: A New External Force for Snakes”, IEEE Proc. Conf. on Comp. Vis. Patt. Recog. (CVPR'97) 2.http://iacl.ece.jhu.edu/projects/gvf/ 3. P. Abolmaesumi, “SEGMENTATION OF PROSTATE CONTOURS FROM ULTRASOUND IMAGES”, IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 539–551, 2003

16. NCIP 2005 16 ACLNOWLEDGEMENT Dr. G. BALACHANDIRAN, M.B.B.S., M.D., D.M.R.D., DNB, M.I.C.R., M.B.B.S., M.D., D.M.R.D., DNB, M.I.C.R., HEAD OF DEPARTMENT, Dept. of Radiology, Govt. General Hospital, Karaikal.

17. NCIP 2005 17 THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION