1. Pump Operational Flexibility & Optimization Pat Carney Flow-Technics Inc. Flow-Technics Inc1

2. Topics of Discussion Evaluations/Considerations Flexibility & Optimization Options Examples Conclusions Flow-Technics Inc2

3. Evaluations/Considerations Characteristics of System Head Curve Operational Considerations Pump Characteristics Flow-Technics Inc3

4. System Head Characteristics Components Static Head Frictional Head Velocity Head Characteristics Flat Steep Flow-Technics Inc4

5. System Head Curve Flat Curve Steep Curve Flow-Technics Inc5

6. Operational Considerations Electrical Cost/Efficiency Flow Rate Flexibility Controllability All of the above Flow-Technics Inc6

7. Pump Characteristics Shape of the Curve Efficiency NPSHr Flow-Technics Inc7

8. Pump Curve – Flat Curve Flow-Technics Inc8

9. Pump Curve - Steep Flow-Technics Inc9

10. Operational & Optimization Options Single Pump vs. Multi-Pump Consideration Constant Speed vs. Multi-Speed Combination of Both Single vs. Multi Pump Constant vs. Variable Speed Flow-Technics Inc10

11. Single Pump vs. Multi-Pump Single Pump Multi - Pump Flow-Technics Inc11

12. Single vs. Multi Pump Evaluation Single Pump Two Pumps Flow: 3500 GPM Flow: 3500 GPM total Head: 65’ Head: 65’ Eff: 68.8.% Eff: 81% Rated Hp: 85.5 Rated Hp: 68.8(total) NPSHr: 17.1’ NPSHr: 9.6’ Connected Hp: 115 Connected Hp: 94(total) Flow-Technics Inc12

13. Constant vs. Variable Speed Constant Speed Variable Speed Flow-Technics Inc13

14. Constant vs. Variable Evaluation Constant Speed Variable Speed Flow: 2100 GPM Flow: 2100 GPM Head: 45 Head: 45 Eff: 80.8% Eff: 64.2% Rated Hp: 29.3 Rated Hp: 36.8 Max Daily: 17 hp for variable operation Ave Day: 15 hp Low Flow: 10 hp Flow-Technics Inc14

15. Constant vs. Variable (Example #1)

16. Constant vs. Variable (Example #2) Flat System Curve Steep Pump Curve Limited Operating Range VFD vs. Cost Evaluation

17. Optimization Review - Unacceptable Spec Requirement 2250 GPM @ 65’ TDH (2 Pumps Running) Submittal Review Single Pump Operation Static Head 28’ Unacceptable Flow-Technics Inc17

18. Optimization Review - Acceptable Spec Requirement: 2250 GPM @ 65’ TDH (2 Pumps Running) Static Head: 58’ Submittal Review: Single Pump Operation Static Head: 28’ Acceptable Flow-Technics Inc18

19. Theoretical vs. Actual Flow-Technics Inc19

20. Field Modifications With use of VFD, reduce speed to match actual system requirements. Evaluate 2 Pumps at reduced speed vs. 1 pump running Resize and replace Impeller Flow-Technics Inc20

21. 2 Pumps Reduced Speed Flow-Technics Inc21

22. Conclusions Understand System Characteristics Design Criteria Operational Criteria Communication!! Flow-Technics Inc22