1. WINDAM Technology Workshop Sept 1-3, 2009 WINDAMb-e (Windows Dam Analysis Modules)

2.  WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankment Failure of the slope protection is beginning point for breach erosion computations Failure of the slope protection is beginning point for breach erosion computations Breach resulting from overtopping Breach resulting from overtopping Single breach evaluated Single breach evaluated Four stage process Four stage process Option of two headcut migration modelsOption of two headcut migration models Erosion and discharge stage dependent Erosion and discharge stage dependent Breach timing and outflow predicted Breach timing and outflow predicted WINDAM PROGRESSION

3.  WINDAMb: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankment Supporting Research and Development Supporting Research and Development Laboratory – physical modeling Laboratory – physical modeling Data Sets – Failure case histories Data Sets – Failure case histories Algorithms – computational model development Algorithms – computational model development Model Comparisons Model Comparisons Computational Model – Code & Interface Computational Model – Code & Interface Development & Testing Development & Testing WINDAM PROGRESSION

4. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Steep Channel Studies Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility

5. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Flume Tests

6. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Overtopping Failure Studies

7. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Erodibility Measurement

8. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data

9. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Historical Case Study Data

10. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Headcut Migration dX/dt Two Headcut Migration Models Stress Based dX/dt = Hk d (  e –  c )/[2E v ] dX/dt = Hk d (  e –  c )/[2E v ] Energy Based dX/dt = C(qH) 1/3 dX/dt = C(qH) 1/3

11. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models SIMBA

12.  Philosophy Use fundamental relations to represent the dominant physical processes Use fundamental relations to represent the dominant physical processes Evaluate/validate and refine relations and algorithms as appropriate from laboratory tests and available data (Avoid calibration: focus on fundamental processes) Evaluate/validate and refine relations and algorithms as appropriate from laboratory tests and available data (Avoid calibration: focus on fundamental processes) Formulate in terms of parameters available for field use (material parameters are key) Formulate in terms of parameters available for field use (material parameters are key) WHAT IS SIMBA?

13. Algorithms Phase 1 Failure Headcut Development Headcut Migration Widening Discharge Model Comparisons SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models NWS Breach, HR Breach, FireFox, & others Laboratory Steep Channel Embankment Breach Widening Discharge Model Flume Tests Erodibility Data Sets ARS Lab Data Case Studies Additional Data SIMBA WINDAM a) allowable overtopping b) breach Computer Models

14. EROSION COMPUTATIONS  Four stage process Development of a headcut on downstream slope Development of a headcut on downstream slope Advance of the headcut through the crest Advance of the headcut through the crest Advance of the headcut into the reservoir Advance of the headcut into the reservoir Widening during drawdown Widening during drawdown

15. 1) HEADCUT FORMATION 2) HEADCUT ADVANCE (through crest) 3) HEADCUT ADVANCE (into reservoir) 4) BREACH WIDENING 4 STAGE Breach Erosion Model

16. Key Embankment Erosion Processes Surface Detachment Impinging Jet Scour Widening dY/dt dY/dt dW/dt Headcut Migration dX/dt

18. WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS  WINDAMc: Breach evaluation of homogeneous embankment expanded. Breach resulting from internal erosion. Breach resulting from internal erosion. Single breach evaluated Single breach evaluated Erosion and discharge stage dependent Erosion and discharge stage dependent Breach timing and outflow predicted Breach timing and outflow predicted

19. Causes of Dam Failures Percentage Overtopping & Spillway23 - 52% Piping/Seepage/Internal Erosion25 - 44% Slides 2 - 15% Miscellaneous 9 - 40% (Vijay Singh - “Dam Breach Modeling Technology” 1993)

20. Internal Erosion Failure Studies

21. WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS  WINDAMd: Breach evaluation expanded Potential failure initiation at toe, berms, and groins. Potential failure initiation at toe, berms, and groins. Alternative embankment slope protection materials (i.e. blocks, reinforced vegetation) Alternative embankment slope protection materials (i.e. blocks, reinforced vegetation)

22. WINDAM DEVELOPMENT PLANS  WINDAMe: Breach evaluation expanded Breach evaluation of Multiple materials in zoned embankment due to overtopping/ internal erosion. Breach evaluation of Multiple materials in zoned embankment due to overtopping/ internal erosion.

23. WINDAM TIMELINE  WINdows Dam Analysis Modules (WINDAM) is a modular software application, being developed for analysis of earth embankments.  The development is being carried out in stages: WINDAMa (alpha spr. 2006, beta fall 2006) WINDAMa (alpha spr. 2006, beta fall 2006) WINDAMa+ (alpha fall 2007, beta spr. 2008) WINDAMa+ (alpha fall 2007, beta spr. 2008) WINDAMb (alpha smr. 2009, beta wntr. 2009) WINDAMb (alpha smr. 2009, beta wntr. 2009) WINDAMc (alpha smr. 2011, beta spr. 2012) WINDAMc (alpha smr. 2011, beta spr. 2012) WINDAMd (alpha fall 2013, beta spr. 2014) WINDAMd (alpha fall 2013, beta spr. 2014) WINDAMe (alpha fall 2015, beta spr. 2016 WINDAMe (alpha fall 2015, beta spr. 2016