1. Exercise 14 Advanced turning

2. EXERCISE 14 ADVANCED TURNS Aim To carry out a coordinated level turn at steep angles of bank. And to recognise and recover from a spiral dive. Also to entry and recovery from,and the uses of a slide slip

3. Twice lift is required in a level turn in a 60 degree bank angle The wing must produce twice the lift required for straight and level flight 2 G Force 60 degree

4. Twice lift is required in a level turn in a 60 degree bank angle Compared to level flight Compared to level flight, this achieved by increasing the angle of attack- moving the bar forwards Compared to level flight, this achieved by increasing the angle of attack- moving the bar forwards This will result in a significant increase in drag so power will have to be increased to prevent the airspeed reducing This will result in a significant increase in drag so power will have to be increased to prevent the airspeed reducing The load factor doubles (2G) this in turn causes the stalling speed to increase significantly- (40)percent at 60 degrees, so prior to turn entry select the appropriate target speed The load factor doubles (2G) this in turn causes the stalling speed to increase significantly- (40)percent at 60 degrees, so prior to turn entry select the appropriate target speed Significant wake turbulence is produced in a steep turn- above 45 degrees angle of bank in a level turn a level turn limit to the change of heading is to be NO MORE THE 270 DEGREES Significant wake turbulence is produced in a steep turn- above 45 degrees angle of bank in a level turn a level turn limit to the change of heading is to be NO MORE THE 270 DEGREES

5. Steep climbing and descending turns In a climbing turn, climb rate decrease significantly at high bank angles hence this manoeuvre has little practical use. In a climbing turn, climb rate decrease significantly at high bank angles hence this manoeuvre has little practical use. In a descending turn descent rate is increased at high bank angles. This must be allowed for when manoeuvring at low level as in a engine failure In a descending turn descent rate is increased at high bank angles. This must be allowed for when manoeuvring at low level as in a engine failure

6. Entry to level turn 1. Select suitable reference point 2. Attain target airspeed 3. Lookout, final lookout all around immediately prior to turn 4. Roll in 5. Apply forwards pressure on the bar to maintain or raise nose attitude slightly and maintain height, use the horizon as primary guide And simultaneously. 6. Apply power to prevent airspeed loss

7. Maintaining the turn 1.Maintain the bank angle with small roll inputs. 2.Maintain height by adjusting forwards bar pressure, reference horizon and VSI altimeter 3.Maintain airspeed with power, use airflow noise and ASI

8. To exit the turn 1. Anticipate aiming point 2. Rollout, and as bank angle reduces- 3. Progressively reduce power to maintain level flight 4. Centralise roll inputs when wings are level wit the horizon

9. The spiral dive Causes: poorly executed steep turn Causes: poorly executed steep turn Identified: by bank speed and G loading increasing Identified: by bank speed and G loading increasing Recover : Reduce power to idle Recover : Reduce power to idle Roll wings level and adopt shallow climbing attitude Roll wings level and adopt shallow climbing attitude When airspeed reduces to normal cruise airspeed apply power and climb to safe altitude. When airspeed reduces to normal cruise airspeed apply power and climb to safe altitude.

10. The side slipping turn A side sliipping turn is an advanced manoeuver which is effective for a temporay rapid heigh loss. A side sliipping turn is an advanced manoeuver which is effective for a temporay rapid heigh loss. Uses Collision avodance Uses Collision avodance Height loss when turning finals from a tight base in a glide approach Height loss when turning finals from a tight base in a glide approach Positioning/ height loss in a forced landing Positioning/ height loss in a forced landing

11. Entry to side slipping turn Entry Roll positively to approximately 45 degrees bank angle Entry Roll positively to approximately 45 degrees bank angle Simultaneously move bar back Simultaneously move bar back The aircraft will then slip towards the lower wing and lose height rapidly. The manoeuvre can only be maintained for a relatively short period of time without significant build up of airspeed. The heading change will normally be limited to approximately 90 degrees The aircraft will then slip towards the lower wing and lose height rapidly. The manoeuvre can only be maintained for a relatively short period of time without significant build up of airspeed. The heading change will normally be limited to approximately 90 degrees This an advanced manoeuvre not within the capabilities of all student pilots This an advanced manoeuvre not within the capabilities of all student pilots

12. Airmanship H.A.S.E.L.L- COMPETE BEFORE COMENCING THE EXERCISE AND REPEAT EVERY 2 TO 3 MIN’S H.A.S.E.L.L- COMPETE BEFORE COMENCING THE EXERCISE AND REPEAT EVERY 2 TO 3 MIN’S LOOKOUT- MAKE A THOROUGH LOOKOUT. LOOKOUT- MAKE A THOROUGH LOOKOUT. ORIENTAION- PICK REFERANCE POINT TO ROLL OUT ON BEFORE EACH MANOEUVRE PICK 270 DEGREES ABOVE 45 DEGREES ANGLE OF BANK. ORIENTAION- PICK REFERANCE POINT TO ROLL OUT ON BEFORE EACH MANOEUVRE PICK 270 DEGREES ABOVE 45 DEGREES ANGLE OF BANK. DRIFT- AIRSPACE DON’T DRIFT INTO OR CONGESTED AREAS DRIFT- AIRSPACE DON’T DRIFT INTO OR CONGESTED AREAS