1. What can we really learn from positron flux 'Anomalies'? Boaz Katz, Kfir Blum, Eli Waxman arXiv:0907.1686

2. …Our results clearly show an increase in the positron abundance at high energy that cannot be understood by standard models describing the secondary production of cosmic-rays. PAMELA

3. CR positrons: What do we expect? What do we know?

4. e+ ~ pbar / radiative losses pbar understood Measure e+  measure losses 10 Be agrees  secondary! e+/pbar theoretically clean Plan: e+ `anomaly’ ??? Propagation models fit grammage.

5. e + lose energy radiatively - (ordinarily) steep spectrum, loss suppresses flux. Ignore energy loss  upper bound on flux. e + produced in pp and spallation interactions – similar to, B, Sc, Li,… e+ ~ pbar / radiative losses

6. Stable secondaries, no loss Pbar understood

7. Pbar understood: Stable secondaries, no loss In general …If*: Propagation only depends on magnetic rigidity Rigidity fixed on propagation Homogenous composition *Also used the fact that spallation secondary inherits rigidity of primary

8. Stable secondaries, with loss Pbar understood

9. Pbar understood: Stable secondaries, with loss n P,out n’ A,out n A,in n P,in n’’ A,out n P,out n A,in n P,in n A,out Equivalently: Homogenous composition: Q eff works just the same!

10. Pbar understood: Stable secondaries, with loss

11. Pbar understood Antiprotons

12. Pbar understood

13. Antiprotons Pbar understood

14. Why does it work so well??

15. Why it could work: NGC 891 1.4GHz NIR

16. Positrons Measure e+  measure losses

17. ? non secondary (very) probably secondary Measure e+  measure losses

18. Cooling vs Decay 10 Be agrees  e+ secondary! ~ -1

19. Atomic clocks Be/B 10 Be agrees  e+ secondary!

20. Atomic clocks 10 Be agrees  e+ secondary! Factorize out spallation losses: Agree with e+ Be/B

21. e+/pbar theoretically clean

22. e+ anomaly?? Claims of a primary source: Unknown. 2 ? ?

23. Diffusion models fit grammage. Maurin, Donato, Taillet, Salati Astrophys.J.555:585-596,2001

24. ( ) Diffusion models fit grammage.

25. Summary & Outlook Interpreting e+ data e+ ~ pbar / radiative losses; pbar understood Measure e+  measure losses `Anomaly’ ? Doesn’t seem so right now 10 Be agrees  secondary! No tension with model independent estimates Wait for further data release. PAMELA reach E e+ < 270 GeV e+/pbar theoretically clean  define model independent tests for exotics Propagation models fit grammage what does it mean to be conservative? ?

26. Xtras

27. Pbar understood: Stable secondaries, no loss …If: In general

28. protons TeV slope ~ 2.75 above ~ 20 GeV, ~ 0.1/m^2srs above TeV

29. ρ Ophiuchi