1. Reconstruction in the South:

2. GPS SS8H6c
Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau, sharecropping and tenant farming, Reconstruction plans, 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution, Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators, and the Ku Klux Klan.

3. The Reconstruction time period involved:
Conflict between US government and the South on:
How ex-Confederate states will be re-admitted into the Union
How the Southern economy will recover from the war
How the rights of Free Blacks will be protected
How Whites and Blacks will relate to each other
Whether the South will be transformed or back to the way it was before the Civil War
Who will influence the future of the South

4. Timeline of Reconstruction In Georgia
th Amendment (abolishes slavery)
Passage of Black Codes
Civil Rights Acts of 1866
th Amendment (grants citizenship)
Establishment of Military Rule in the South after all southern states reject 14th Amendment
Blacks allowed to vote for first time in GA
Capital moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta
Republican, Rufus Bullock, elected governor
African-American elected to General Assembly

5. 1868 African-Americans expelled from GA Assembly
Ku Klux Klan at height of its intimidation
th Amendment (grants all males right to vote)
1869 Congress passes Georgia Act (GA under military control again)
1870 GA Supreme Court rules in favor of Black legislators
1870 Georgia readmitted into Union after approving of 14th and 15th Amendments
1871 Democrat James M. Smith elected new governor (all governor will be Democrats until 2003)
***Reconstruction Era in GA officially ends***

6. What Helped the Freedmen?
What Hurt the Freedmen?

8. President Andrew Johnson’s Plan (1865-66)
To reenter the Union, states had to
• swear allegiance to the Union
• ratify the 13th amendment
Was willing to pardon high-ranking Confederate officers
Favored states’ rights on issues such as giving African Americans the right to vote
Did not support the Freedman’s Bureau
Took a conciliatory approach

9. Radical Republicans Reconstruction Plan (1867-70)
Supported the Freedman’s Bureau
• Created schools (public and black colleges—Atlanta U., Morehouse and Clark)
• Created hospitals
• Created Industrial Institutes
• Created teacher-training centers
• Distributed food and clothing
Supported Civil Rights Act of 1866, which outlawed Black Codes
Passage of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments required to reenter Union
Divided the South into five military districts
Supported equal rights for African Americans

11. Characters in Reconstruction Georgia
Carpetbaggers—Northerners who moved South
Scalawags—Southerners who supported the Republicans
Rev. Henry McNeal Turner—one of the first African Americans elected to Georgia General Assembly
Ku Klux Klan—tried to frightened freedmen from voting and pursuing their civil rights
Military Governor—Officer who rules each military district in the South.

13. Differences of Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer
Workers agree to give share of crops to owner
During growing season, landowners let farmers food, medicine, clothing, and other supplies on “credit”
Left sharecroppers deeper in debt year after year.
Tenant farmers owned some agricultural equipment and farm animals
Tenant farmers paid in set cash price or share of crop
Tenant farmers made “small” profit to live on

15. Similarities between Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
Workers were Black freedmen and poor Whites
Lives filled with hard work and hardships
Kept landowners farm in operations without paying for labor
Landowners also risk increased debt
Contributed to ruining soil by growing cotton or tobacco continuously

16. Compare and Contrast the Two Farming Systems of Reconstruction South