1. AVANCEMOS II UNIDAD 5 Gramática

2. ~ísimo(s), ~ísima(s), p. 258
To add emphasis to some adjectives, you can attach the ending ~ísimo(a)(os)(as).
If the adjective ends in a vowel, drop it before adding the ending.
Ejemplo: bello(a)> ¡Esta cocina es bellísima! (This kitchen is very (extremely) beautiful!)
When the last consonant in the adjective is “c”, “g”, or “z”, spelling changes are required before adding “~ísimo (a, os, as).
c > qu “rico>riquísimo”
g > gu “largo>larguísimo”
z > c “feliz>felicísimo” Completa Act. 5, p. 258

3. Usted/Ustedes commands “Mandatos formales”, p. 259
Used for respectful commands. Commands require a change in verb endings.
Infinitive
Present tense
Usted
Ustedes
probar(ue)
yo pruebo
pruebe
prueben
comer
yo como
coma
coman
añadir
yo añado
añada
añadan
Pruebe el té. (Taste the tea.) Coman la merienda. (Eat the snack.)
*Add “no” before the verb to make commands negative. (No coman la merienda. = Do not eat the snack.)

4. Irregular usted/ustedes commands
dar
(to give)
estar
(to be) ir
(to go)
saber
(to know)
ser
usted dé
esté
vaya
sepa
sea
ustedes
den
estén
vayan
sepan
sean
Vaya a la cocina. (Go to the kitchen.) No estén tristes. (Don’t be sad.)

5. “~car, ~gar, ~zar” verbs
These verbs have a spelling change in the command form.
buscar
busque
pagar
pague
empezar
empiece
Completa Actividad 6, p. 260

6. Pronoun placement with commands, p. 264
Placement depends on whether the command is affirmative or negative.
With affirmative commands, pronouns are attached to the end of the verb.
Llévenos al supermercado. (Take us to the supermarket.)
Pónganlas en la mesa. (Put them on the table.)
*An accent is added to the stressed vowel of the command of two or more syllables.

7. Negative commands & object pronoun placement
Object pronouns are placed BEFORE the verb and after “no”
No le venda esta camisa. (Don’t sell her/him this shirt.)
No lo prueben. (Don’t taste it.)
Completa Actividad 13, p. 265

8. Affirmative & Negative words, p. 283
Indefinite words that refer to non-specific people, things, or situations can be affirmative or negative.
Affirmative
words
Negative
algo
something
nada
nothing
alguien
someone
nadie
no one
algún/
alguno(a)(s)
some
ningún/
ninguno(as)(s)
none, not any
o…o
either…or
ni…ni
neither…nor
siempre
always
nunca
never
también
also
tampoco
neither, either

9. Rules of affirmative/negative words
Alguno(a) and ninguno(a) have different forms before masculine singular nouns.
alguno > algún ninguno > ningún
¿Quieres algún filete? (Do you want some steak?)
No, no quiero ningún plato con carne. (No, I do not want any dish with meat.)

10. No veo nada. (I do not see anything.)
A double negative is required in Spanish when “no” comes before the verb. Indefinite words that follow “no” must be negative.
No veo nada. (I do not see anything.)
When “alguien” or “nadie” is the object of a verb, it is preceded by the personal a.
¿Conoces a alguien de España? (Do you know anyone from Spain?)
No, no conozco a nadie de España. (No, I do not know anyone from Spain.)
Completa Actividad Actividad 6, p. 284

11. Double object pronouns, p. 288
For placement of both direct and indirect object pronouns in the same sentence.
The indirect object pronoun comes first.
La camarera nos trajo el caldo a Juan y a mí. > The waitress brought the broth to Juan and me.
La camarera nos lo trajo. > The waitress brought it to us.
2. When a conjugated verb appears with an infinitive or a verb in the ~ndo form, you can put the pronouns before the conjugated verb OR attach them to the infinitve or ~ndo form.
Me los vas a pedir. OR Vas a pedírmelos. (You are going to ask me for them.)

12. Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos
Me los estás pidiendo. OR Estás pidiéndomelos. (You are asking me for them.)
*When attaching pronouns, you must add an accent to the stressed vowel.
3. If both pronouns start with the letter “l”, change the indirect object to “se”.
Le pedí la cuenta al camarero. > Se la pedí. (I asked him for it.)
¿Les puedes llevar el té a esas mujeres? > ¿Puedes llevárselo? (Can you take it to them?
Completa Activitad 13 & 14, p. 289