1. Lab Practical 2 Study about different types of Networking Device
Computer Network
Lab Practical 2 Study about different types of Networking Device
by : jigar M. Pandya

2. Repeaters Reduction Repeaters
The number of nodes on a network and the length of cable used
Influence the quality of communication on the network
Reduction
The degradation of signal clarity
Repeaters
Work against reduction by repeating signals that they receive on a network
Typically cleaning and regenerating the digital transmission in the process
by : jigar M. Pandya

3. Repeaters
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4. Repeaters (continued)
Note that on analog networks, devices that boost the signal are called amplifiers
These devices do not have the same signal regeneration capabilities as repeaters
Because they must maintain the shape of the received signal
Repeaters work in the Physical layer (layer 1)
On optical networks, signal amplification is handled by optical repeaters
Some repeaters can be used to connect two physically different types of cabling
by : jigar M. Pandya

5. Repeaters (continued)
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6. Hubs
Hub
Generic connection device used to tie several networking cables together to create a link between different stations on a network
When a workstation transmits to a hub, the hub immediately resends the data frame to all connecting links.
Hubs expand one Ethernet connection into many. For example, a four- port hub connects up to four machines
by : jigar M. Pandya

7. Hubs (continued)
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8. Wireless Access Points
Provide cell-based areas where wireless clients such as laptops and PDAs can connect to the network
By associating with the access point
Operate at the Physical and Data Link layers of the OSI model
In most respects, a wireless access point functions exactly like a hub
by : jigar M. Pandya

9. by : jigar M. Pandya

10. Switches
Switches
Operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model
Increase network performance by reducing the number of frames transmitted to the rest of the network
Switch opens a virtual circuit between the source and the destination
Prevents communications between just two computers from being broadcast to every computer on the network or segment
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11. Switches (continued) When two machines have a virtual circuit
They do not have to share the bandwidth with any other computers
Multiple virtual circuits can be in use at the same time, each with its own full bandwidth
Called “switched bandwidth”
by : jigar M. Pandya

12. by : jigar M. Pandya

13. Advantages and Disadvantages of Switches
Switches increase available network bandwidth
Switches reduce the workload on individual computers
Switches increase network performance
Networks that include switches experience fewer frame collisions .
Switches connect directly to workstations
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14. Advantages and Disadvantages of Switches (continued)
Switches are significantly more expensive than bridges /Hub
Network connectivity problems can be difficult to trace through a switch
Broadcast traffic may be difficult.
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15. Routers Routers Internetworks
Operate at the Network layer of the OSI model
Provide filtering and network traffic control on LANs and WANs
Can connect multiple segments and multiple networks
Internetworks
Networks connected by multiple routers
Routers use the logical address
by : jigar M. Pandya

16. Physical vs. Logical Addresses
MAC address
Found at the Data Link layer of the OSI model
Used by bridges and switches to make forwarding decisions within a network or subnetwork
IP address
Logical address when TCP/IP is used on an internetwork
Routers use the IP address to route packets to the correct network segment
by : jigar M. Pandya

17. Advantages and Disadvantages of Routers
Can connect different network architectures, such as Ethernet and Token Ring
Can choose the best path across an internetwork using dynamic routing techniques
Reduce network traffic by creating collision domains
Reduce network traffic by creating broadcast domains
by : jigar M. Pandya

18. Advantages and Disadvantages of Routers (continued)
Routers work only with routable network protocols; most but not all protocols are routable
Routers are more expensive than other devices
Dynamic router communications (inter-router communication) cause additional network overhead, which results in less bandwidth for user data
Routers are slower than other devices because they must analyze a data transmission from the Physical through the Network layer
by : jigar M. Pandya

19. by : jigar M. Pandya

20. Bridges Bridges Operate at the Data Link layer of the OSI model
Filter traffic between network segments by examining the destination MAC address
Based on the destination MAC address, the bridge either forwards or discards the frame
Reduce network traffic by keeping local traffic on the local segment
by : jigar M. Pandya

21. by : jigar M. Pandya

22. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bridges
Can extend a network by acting as a repeater
Can reduce network traffic on a segment by subdividing network communications
Increase the available bandwidth to individual nodes because fewer nodes share a collision domain
Reduce collisions
Some bridges connect networks using different media types and architectures
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23. Advantages and Disadvantages of Bridges (continued)
Slower than repeaters and hubs
Extra processing by viewing MAC addresses
Forward broadcast frames indiscriminately, so they do not filter broadcast traffic
More expensive than repeaters and hubs
by : jigar M. Pandya