1. Written by: Jonnettt Hay-Rivenbark

2. Cultural and artistic movement in England 16 th century through early 17 th century Associated with European Renaissance Believed to have begun in Italy English Renaissance

3. Contrast: English and Italian Renaissance

4. English Renaissance Often called “Age of Shakespeare” or “Elizabethan Era/Age” Names are incorrect

5. English Renaissance Important playwrights: –William Shakespeare –Ben Jonson –Christopher Marlowe

6. English Renaissance Important poets of the period: –Edmund Spenser –John Milton Important philosophers: –Sir Francis Bacon –Sir Thomas More

7. Period in England associated with rule of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Relatively peaceful time Elizabethan Era

8. Considered Golden Age of English history

9. Elizabethan Era Height of fashion in England Influenced by French and Spanish styles

10. Elizabethan Era Annual festivities broke up daily life People looked forward to celebrations Many still celebrated today

11. Elizabethan Era Other celebrations include: –Valentine’s Day –April Fool’s Day –Christmas Season (13 days celebrated from Christmas Eve through Epiphany Eve)

12. Bubonic and pneumonic plagues caused 14 th century “Black Death” Spread through Europe, Middle East and Asia Recurred every generation for centuries The Plague

13. Known as bubonic and pneumonic plagues Believed to be caused mainly by fleas Symptoms included fever, chills, muscle pain, hemorrhaging,and buboes

14. The Plague Occurred again in England during 1592-1593 Caused all theaters in London to close Shakespeare wrote long, narrative poems

15. Born in April 1564 in Stratford-upon- Avon Actual date of birth uncertain Went to grammar school and studied Latin Shakespeare Biography

16. Biography Father was John Shakespeare-not very wealthy but held a municpal

17. Mother-- Mary Arden Shakespeare

18. Biography At 18: married Anne Hathaway At 19: had daughter- Suzanne 1585: had twins:Hamnet and Judith

19. Biography Believed to have left for London 1585-1586 1594: became member of Lord Chamberlain’s Men Troupe became King’s Men in 1603

20. Biography Wrote and performed in plays Most widely-read playwright Also wrote poetry- sonnets

21. Shakespeare wrote or collaborated on 39 plays Plays divided into three categories –Comedies: Midsummer Night’s Dream, The Tempest, Measure for Measure –Tragedies—Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Othello, Julius Caesar –Histories—Richard, Henry Shakespeare’s Plays

22. His plays remain popular today Have been made into films and other plays SIngle click for audio clip >>>>

23. All’s Well That Ends Well As You Like It The Comedy of Errors Cymbeline Love’s Labor’s Lost Measure for Measure The Merchant of Venice The Comedies

24. The Merry Wives of Windsor A Midsummer Night’s Dream Much Ado About Nothing Pericles The Taming of the Shrew The Tempest Troilus and Cressida

25. The Comedies Twelfth Night Two Gentlemen of Verona The Two Noble Kinsmen The Winter’s Tale

26. The Comedies Most popular include –All’s Well That Ends Well –The Merchant of Venice –A Midsummer Night’s Dream –The Taming of the Shrew –The Tempest Single click for audio clip >>>>

27. Characteristics of the comedies include: –False/mistaken identities –Toils of love and marriage –Good versus Evil Songs written for comedies Only text exists The Comedies: Themes

28. The Comedies Famous characters include: –Oberon and Titania (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) –Rosalind and Orlando (As You Like It) –Petruchio and Katherine (Taming of the Shrew)

29. Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Julius Caesar King Lear Macbeth The Tragedies

30. Othello Romeo and Juliet Timon of Athens Titus Andronicus

31. The Tragedies Most popular tragedies: –Hamlet –Julius Caesar –Macbeth –Romeo and Juliet Single click for audio clip >>>>

32. The Tragedies: Themes All Shakespearean tragedies: protagonist falls from grace and dies Tragic hero, tragic flaw An unhappy ending

33. The Tragedies Usually many secondary characters die –Mercutio and Tybalt (Romeo and Juliet) –Polonius, Ophelia, King Claudius, Queen Gertrude, Laertes (Hamlet) –Calpurnia, Portia, Cassius (Julius Caesar)

34. The Tragedies Protagonist is admirable but flawed Protagonist is capable of good and bad Famous tragic characters: –Hamlet, Prince of Denmark –Macbeth, Thane of Glamis –Marcus Brutus

35. King John Richard II Henry IV, Part I Henry IV, Part 2 Henry V The Histories

36. Henry VI, Part 1 Henry VI, Part 2 Henry VI, Part 3 Richard III Henry VIII

37. The Histories Easier to recognize than define Arose as patriotism formed in England Tied closely to real historical events

38. The Histories: Themes All focus on tensions between public and private values Have character preoccupied with power Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra considered Roman histories

39. Wrote two narrative poems during plague years Dedicated to Earl of Southampton Shakespeare’s Poetry

40. Poetry Other narrative poems: The Phoenix and the Turtle and A Lover’s Complaint Sonnets are most well-known Form is fourteen lines of iambic pentameter

41. Poetry Published 154 sonnets First 17 thought written to young man Advises young man to marry, have a child

42. Poetry Sonnets 127-154 present the Dark Lady Woman presented as treacherous Speaker seems sexually obsessed with her

43. Theater associated with Shakespeare Built in London in 1599 Owned by the Burbage brothers, Shakespeare and three others Theater had no roof Plays performed Daylight about 2hrs. Long Setting revealed in dialogu e The Globe Theatre

44. The Heavens –False ceiling over the stage –Housed actors and costumes during bad weather –Designed with trap doors— actors could “fly” –Good for creating sound effects

45. The Globe Theatre Hell –Trapdoors within the stage area (thought to be two) –Used for special effects with actors –Good for creating sound effects

46. The Globe Theatre Women prohibited from performing so who played the girl’s roles? Young men/ Teens

47. The Globe Theatre Open to audiences during summer months Daytime performances only Audiences came from all classes Men and women attended performances

48. Globe Stage with limited props because would cut off part of stage Elaborate costumes were used If comedy play—must be very funny or if tragedy expected to be very bloody

49. The Globe Theatre “Groundlings” paid one cent to stand –had to be entertained Gentry paid more for seats in galleries=class/ social ranking in higher balconies Nobles sat in chairs on side of stage

50. The Globe Theatre Style similar to Coliseum Sometimes used for gambling Closed due to plague

51. The Globe Theatre Flags used to indicate type of play Burned by cannonball landing on roof during Henry VIII Destroyed by Puritans Motto: Totus mundus agit histrionem- “All the world is a playhouse” or “All the world’s a stage” (As You Like It)

52. Shakepeare’s Rhetorical Devices: Repetition Parallelism Rhetorical Questions Irony –all types especially verbal irony or sarcastic tone

53. Enduring Globe Enduring Shakespeare “He was not of an age, but for all time.” Concluding Thoughts

54. Shakespeare’s Last Days Retired to New Place in 1611 Died in April 1616—left his 2 nd best bed to Anne, his wife Shakepeare is buried under a chancel in church at Stratford and his epitat reads: Good friend for Jesus’ sake forebear to dig the dust enclosed here blessed be the man that spares these stones and cursed be he that moves my bones