1. WHEELS & TIRES

2. What Tires Are Made Of… Raw Rubber Steel Nylon Polyester Rayon
Carbon Black
Synthetic Rubber
Fiberglass
Aramid
Brass
Most people think tires are made mostly of rubber. This is far from the truth at all . A tire consist of many different things such as steel. nylon, polyester, rayon, carbon black, synthetic rubber(which is man made rubber), fiberglass which is light weight but add strength, aramid, brass. All these things help add strength, heat distribution, lower the actually weight of the tire, also help protect it from natural weathering (sun, wind, rain, snow).

3. What Is Pneumatic Tire? One that is filled with compressed air
All tires manufactured today are considered Pneumatic tires.
First device to damped road shock

4. Who Invented The First Pneumatic Tire?
John Dunlop in 1887
1890 he began the Dunlop Rubber Co in Dublin Ireland
John was a Scotsman who experimented with covering a rubber tube with canvas to improve the ride comfort of his sons tricycle. After weeks of work the first pneumatic tire came up to its first competitive challenge. On February When rolled across a courtyard, solid tires choked halfway through, but Dunlop’s “MUMMY” tire didn't stop until it crashed into a door.

5. Why are Tires Black? To protect the rubber from the harmful UV rays.
A common type of UV stabilizer called a competitive absorber is added to capture and absorb these harmful UV light wave energy.
Competitive absorbers work by capturing and absorbing harmful UV light wane Energy. All tire manufacturers use the same competitive absorber, carbon black. This is why tires are black and why tires are not available in designer colors. All UV stabilizers are sacrificial, meaning the are gradually “used up” to where they can no longer protect against UV damage. As carbon black loses the ability to do its job, it turns gray. This is why rubber grays as it ages.
OTHER DEGRADENTS
Silicone oils can remove the protective waxes and increase the rate of degradation. Common automotive “protectants” and “tire dressings” are typically devoid of UV stabilizers of any type and contain Petrochemicals and/or silicone oils which dissolve away the protective waxes and can actually aggress the sidewall. In the event of warranty sidewall failure, one of the first things tire manufacturers like for is evidence of the use of these types of products. In turn this will void warranty.

6. Bias Ply Tire The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply.
Tread is bonded directly to the top ply.
A bias ply tire has plies running at an angle from bead to bead.
Has plies running at an angle from bead to bead. The cord angle is also reversed from ply to ply. The tread is bonded directly to the top ply.
A bias ply tire is one of the oldest designs and it does NOT use belts. the position of the cords in a bias ply tire allows the body of the tire to flex easily. This tends to improve cushioning action. A bias ply tire provides a very smooth ride on rough roads.
One disadvantage is that The weakness of the plies and tread reduce traction at high speeds and increase rolling resistance.

7. Belted Bias Tire
Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness.
These belts are also ran at a different angle.
These belts only lie on the tread area and not on the side walls, like cords.
Is a bias tire with belts added to increase tread stiffness. The plies and belts normally run at different angles. The belts do NOT run around to the sidewalls but only lie under the tread area. Usually, two stabilizer belts and two or more plies are used to increase tire performance. A belted bias tire provides a smooth ride, good traction, and offers some improvement in tolling resistance over a bias ply tire.

8. Radial Ply Tire
Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts lying directly beneath the tread.
This results in the radial having flexible side wall, but a stiff tread.
Has plies running straight across from bead to bead with stabilizer belts directly beneath the tread. A radial tire has a very flexible sidewall, but a stiff tread. The belts can be made of steel, Flexten, fiberglass, or other materials. Radial tires have a very stable footprint (shape and amount of tread touching road surface). This improves safety, cornering, braking, and wear. One possible disadvantage of a radial tire is that it may produce a harder ride at low speeds. The stiff tread area doesn't give or flex as much on rough roads.

9. Tire Cutaway

10. Tire Sidewall Info

11. Tire Size

12. Load Index
P195/60R15 87S - The load index (87) is the tire size's assigned numerical value used to compare relative load carrying capabilities. In the case of our example the 87 identifies the tires ability to carry approximately 1,201 pounds.
The higher the tire's load index number, the greater its load carrying capacity.
89 = 1,279 pounds 88 = 1,235 pounds 87 = 1,201 pounds 86 = 1,168 pounds 85 = 1,135 pounds

13. Speed Rating Rating Maximum Speed Q 99 mph S 112 mph T 118 mph
U mph
H mph
V mph
W mph
Y mph
Z Above 149 mph

14. TIRE GRADING Tread Wear – Tire life expectations
100 is base line, 150 is 50% better
Traction Rating – Braking capabilities
A, B, C designations
Temp. Rating – Ability to withstand extreme heat

15. Tire Pressure Should be check monthly Should be checked cold
For every 10° Fahrenheit change in air temperature, your tire's inflation pressure will change by about 1 psi
The EPA says your mileage drops 1% for every 2 pounds under the recommended tire pressure.
                  

16. Tire Pressure Placard
Use the tire pressure recommended in your vehicle's owner's manual or tire information placard

17. Effects of Low Tire Pressure Over Inflation

18. Effects of Low Tire Pressure Under Inflation

19. Effects of Mismatched Tires
Different Manufactures
Different sizes
New and/or used tires
Effects on speedometer
Effects on ABS/Traction Control Systems
Effects on vehicle handling

20. Cupping

21. Bulge

22. Chunk Outs

23. Cracks

24. Side Wear & Feathering

25. Static Balance
Equals out wheel tramp

26. Dynamic Balance
Equals out wobble

27. Tire Pull Defective/damaged tires Bent wheel (rim)
Excessive shoulder wear
Excessive feathering

28. Tire Pressure Monitoring
Warns of significant lose of tire pressure
First used on 1994 Corvette
All cars & LD Trucks must have TP system by 2008
Two types: Direct and Indirect

29. Direct TP Warning System
Computer controlled (BCM) w/ radio transmitters in wheels (pressure sensors)
Transmits actual TP of each tire
Displays on IPC
Diagnostic capabilities

30. Indirect TP Warning System
ABS based system, using existing ABS hardware, w/ software mods
Changes in TP affect tire circumference, affecting tire speed
Sensors monitor each wheels speed, compairs to one another
Approx. 7 psi difference to trigger warning

31. Run Flat Tires Temp. supports weight of vehicle with no air pressure
Internal support, thicker side walls, stronger beads.
Can maintain Mobility for 50 miles up to 55 mph

32. The End for this tire