1. 20th Century Architecture
Part II

2. Dictum of Modern Architecture
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe:
“Less is more.”

3. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Seagram Building, New York, 1954-58

5. Robert Venturi
“Less is a bore.” (1966) (Fiero 978)

6. Charles Jencks
Postmodern architecture is characterized by a "double coding": two or more styles which co-exist in contradiction and/or self-mockery.

7. Postmodern architecture
Sense of "anything goes": Forms filled with humor, irony, ambiguity, contradiction
Juxtaposition of styles: Blend of traditional, contemporary, and newly-invented forms
Exaggerated or abstract traditional detailing

8. Postmodern Features
Clash of scales Postmodern architecture often includes elements that are clearly out of scale with the rest of the building. This is most obvious where the building borrows from other styles. The mixing of large and small classical orders, the distortion and exaggeration of motifs, can make a building seem dramatic and grand. Architects also played with scale to introduce surprise and a sense of fun.

9. Les Espaces d’Abraxas,
France,

10. Postmodern features
Thin façades Some Postmodern buildings have thin fronts that are clearly distinct from the rest of the building. In some cases the thinness is exaggerated as a visual joke. For example, the facade may dissolve into the windows at the side of the building. On other buildings, the façades are treated as little more than billboards or stage backdrops. This allowed architects greater freedom of expression in the design of the building front.

11. China Wharf, London,

12. Postmodern Features
Classical references Postmodern buildings often used elements of classical architecture. In most cases the use is decorative not structural. Nor is it 'correct'. Postmodern architects did not follow the strict principles of the classical style. For example, they deliberately combined and exaggerated columns, arches and rough masonry. They took elements from Greek temples and applied them to buildings that had entirely modern functions. The effect is often quirky and playful.

13. Kengo Kuma, M2
Tokyo, 1991

14. Kengo Kuma, M2
Tokyo, 1991

15. Kengo Kuma, Doric
Tokyo, 1991

16. A precursor?

17. Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Royal Saltworks, 1774-79
Gatehouse with entrance portico

18. Claude-Nicholas Ledoux, Royal Saltworks, 1774-79
Director’s House

19. Robert Venturi In favor of messy vitality in architecture
Believed in aesthetic ambiguity and visual tension
Postmodern vision: “both-and” rather than “either-or”

20. A conventional building

21. Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, 1962

22. Venturi, Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, 1962

23. Venturi, Gordon Wu Hall,
Butler College,
Princeton University Princeton, NJ 1980

24. Michael Graves

25. Public Services Building, Portland, Oregon, 1980-82

26. Michael Graves
Humana Building (Louisville) 1986

28. The Michael C. Carlos Museum at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia

30. Disney Center

33. MICHAEL GRAVES, Walt Disney World, Swan Hotel, Florida, 1987

34. MICHAEL GRAVES, Walt Disney World, Swan Hotel, Florida, 1987

35. MICHAEL GRAVES,Walt Disney World-Dolphin Hotel

36. MICHAEL GRAVES,Walt Disney World-Dolphin Hotel

37. Philip Johnson

38. P. Johnson & J Burgee: AT&T Building,  NYC, 1979-84

41. Philip Johnson and John Burgee: PPG Place, Pittsburgh, PA 1979-84

42. Philip Johnson and John Burgee: PPG Place, Pittsburgh, PA 1979-84

43. P. Johnson & J Burgee: International Place, Boston, 1985

44. Charles Moore

45. Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, USA, 1976-79

46. Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, USA, 1976-79

47. Frank Gehry

48. Gehry, Vitra Design Museum, Weil-am-Rhein, Germany, 1987 to 1989

49. Gehry, Vitra Design Museum, Weil-am-Rhein, Germany, 1987 to 1989

50. Frank Gehry,
Guggenheim
Museum,
Bilbao, Spain,
1997

51. Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, at Bilbao, Spain, 1997

52. Gehry, Experience Music Project, at Seattle, Washington, 1999 to 2000

53. Frank Gehry,
Experience
Music Project,
Seattle, Washington,
1999 to 2000

54. I. M. Pei

57. Las Vegas

59. High-tech Exposed structure Glass Tension structures

60. High-tech
Pompidou Center,
Paris,

64. The End