1. Robin Hambleton Professor of City Leadership, Centre for Sustainable Planning and Environments, University of the West of England, Bristol and Director of Urban Answers www.urbananswers.co.uk Presentation to the UK-Ireland Planning Research Conference Oxford Brookes University, 9-11 September 2014 Inclusive place-based leadership: moving beyond neo-liberalism

2. A presentation in five parts: Prelude: Leading the Inclusive City Place-less power and place-based power Framing the power of place The New Civic Leadership Implications for planning research

3. Part 1: Prelude: Leading the inclusive city

4. Leading the inclusive city A new book to be published by Policy Press (University of Bristol) in November 2014

5. Tackling injustice – the central challenge for public leadership Leading the Inclusive City is a values-driven book The definition of the inclusive city used in the book is as follows: ‘The inclusive city is governed by powerful, place-based democratic institutions. All residents are able to participate fully in the society and the economy, and civic leaders strive for just results while caring for the natural environment on which we all depend’ Utopian, yes. But it is ‘realistic utopianism’ to use Susan Fainstein’s phrase (The Just City Fainstein 2010 p 20)

6. Innovation Stories in Leading the Inclusive City There are seventeen Innovation Stories in Leading the Inclusive City: 1) New York City 9) Curitiba 2) Bristol10) Guangzhou 3) Chicago11) Freiburg 4) Swindon12) Copenhagen 5) Enschede13) Melbourne 6) Langrug14) Hamamatsu 7) Auckland15) Toronto 8) Malmo16) Portland 17) Ahmedabad

7. Part 2: Place-less power and place based power

8. Place-less power in a global era Globalisation has resulted in a spectacular growth in place-less power in the last thirty years… Place-less decision makers disregard the consequences of their decisions for particular places. This has devastating consequences for people living in particular places Neo-liberalism involves granting place-less decision makers unprecedented power Place-based decision makers have a commitment to improving the quality of life of communities living in ‘their’ place This highlights a distinction between different kinds of private sector organisations: the predators and the producers

9. Where are the feelings? Urban and regional development has neglected how people feel about ‘their place’ – the dominance of economic perspectives has obscured the importance of a key dimension in public policy Michael Sandel (2012) has argued that we have drifted ‘from having a market economy to being a market society’ Sandel argues, correctly, that there are moral limits to markets Emotions, feelings, identity, attachment, solidarity – these are key elements in urban experience and they are centre-stage in place-based leadership They should receive more attention in planning research if injustice in the modern city is to be addressed

10. Part 3: Framing the power of place

12. Part 4: The New Civic Leadership

13. Defining leadership in new ways The origins of leadership theory are military Early dominance of ‘command and control’ thinking – the ‘city boss’ Moves towards ‘facilitative’ leadership have grown Understanding how to lead when you are not in control is now critical for civic leadership and for urban planning My definition of leadership: Shaping emotions and behaviour to achieve common goals Source: Hambleton R. (2007) in Governing Cities in a Global Era Palgrave. p174

14. Realms of place-based leadership and Innovation Zones

15. Place-based leadership in context

16. A process model of civic leadership

17. Part 5: Implications for planning research

18. Issues for consideration/discussion Place-based power – is it a useful idea? And do the four forces framing place-based agency make sense? There are five realms of place-based leadership – plausible? Innovation Zones connecting the realms – from improvement to co-creation of alternatives. Planners as orchestrators of innovation? Planning theory and education – leadership (both theory and practice) has been seriously neglected (read ignored) by planning scholars. Why is this? Can public leadership be given more attention in future planning research? I hope so

19. Some sources… Balducci A. and Mantysalo R. (eds) (2013) Urban Planning as a Trading Zone. New York: Springer Hambleton R. (2015) Leading the Inclusive City. Place-based innovation for a bounded planet. Bristol: The Policy Press Keohane N. O. (2010) Thinking about leadership. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press Sandel M. (2012) What Money Can’t Buy. London: Allen Lane

20. Thank you for your attention! More international examples and further analysis of leadership themes: www.urbananswers.co.uk