1. National and International Networking Infrastructure and Research June 13, 2003 Mari Maeda NSF/CISE/ANIR

2. Infrastructure that enables: Scientific research Education and training Experimentation and strategic deployment to advance and introduce new networking capability Infrastructure/Infrastructure-enhancing Investments: International Networks High-Performance Network Connections (HPNC) Optical Networking Enhanced E2E networking protocols Middleware Network-stressing applications, collaborative apps, … Network Research Testbeds

3. Advanced Network Infrastructure What is the objective of the network? (needs that cannot be served by Internet or other research/education networks) What community or communities are being served? What research is enabled? What network performance metrics are used and monitored? Usage? What is the use/participation policy? (some examples: abilene, cenic, bossnet, atdnet)

4. International Networks (1997-2004) STAR TAP /STAR LIGHT: Univ of Illinois at Chicago Interconnect point for Abilene, Esnet, DREN, NREN, AMPATH, CA*NET4, SURFnet(Netherlands), NORDUnet, CER, TransPAC/APAN, NaukaNET, Asnet (Taiwan) TransPAC: Indiana University Euro-Link: University of Illinois at Chicago; Netherlands, France, Israel, Nordic. MIRnet/Russia: University of Illinois (NCSA)

5. Euro-Link Euro-Link originally DS-3s from STAR TAP to France, Israel, Netherlands and Nordic countries Today OC192 to Netherlands OC48 + OC12 to CERN (Nordic at OC-3) (France at OC-3) (Israel - now uses GEANT) Summer 2003 OC192 +OC192 to Netherlands OC192 + OC12 to DOE partly carrying Abilene and CAnet4 production transport between Chicago and Amsterdam)

6. Current TransPAC Network OC-12 POS between Tokyo and Seattle OC-12 ATM between Tokyo and Chicago

7. Short-term TransPAC Plans Expand Tokyo-Chicago link (OC-48) Shift from ATM to POS on Tokyo-Chicago link Eliminate Tokyo-Seattle link (cost considerations) OC-48

8. Infrastructure/Infrastructure-enhancing Investments -- beyond raw connectivity and high-speed International Networks High-Performance Network Connections (HPNC) Enhanced E2E networking protocols Optical Networking Middleware Research and Deployment Network-stressing applications Network Research Testbeds

9. Traditional VLBI The Very-Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Technique (with traditional data recording on magnetic tape or disk) ASTRONOMY Highest resolution technique available to astronomers – tens of microarcseconds Allows detailed studies of the most distant objects GEODESY Highest precision (few mm) technique available for global tectonic measurements Highest spatial and time resolution of Earth’s motion in space for the study of Earth’s interior Earth-rotation measurements important for military/civilian navigation Fundamental calibration for GPS constellation within Celestial Ref Frame

10. Scientific Advantages of e-VLBI (real -time) Bandwidth growth potential for higher sensitivity –VLBI sensitivity (SNR) proportional to square root of Bandwidth resulting in a large increase in number of observable objects (only alternative is bigger antennas – hugely expensive) –e-VLBI bandwidth potential growth far exceeds recording capability (practical recordable data rate limited to ~1 Gbps) Rapid processing turnaround –Astronomy Ability to study transient phenomena with feedback to steer observations –Geodesy Higher-precision measurements for geophysical investigations Better Earth-orientation predictions, particularly UT1, important for military and civilian navigation

11. Elements of e-VLBI Development Phase 1: Develop eVLBI-compatible data system –Mark 5 system development at MIT Haystack Observatory being supported by NRAO, NASA, USNO plus four international partners –Prototypes now deployed in U.S. and Europe Phase 2: Demonstrate 1 Gbps e-VLBI using Boston-DC link –~700km link between Haystack Observatory and NASA/GSFC –First e-VLBI experiment achieved ~788Mbps transfer rate Phase 3: Develop adaptive network protocol (ANIR STI grant to Haystack Observatory; collaboration with MIT Lab for Computer Science and MIT Lincoln Laboratory); –New IP-based protocol tailored to operate in shared-network ‘background’ to efficiently using available bandwidth –Demonstrate on national and international networks

12. Phase 4: Extend e-VLBI to national and global VLBI community

13. Westford-to-Kashima e-VLBI experiment Westford/Kashima experiment conducted on 15 Oct 02 –Data recorded on K5 at Kashima and Mark 5 at Westford at 256 Mbps –Files exchanged over Abilene/GEMnet networks Nominal speed expected to be ~20 Mbps, but achieved <2 Mbps for unknown reasons - investigating –File formats software translated –Correlation on Mark 4 correlator at Haystack and PC Software correlator at Kashima –Nominal fringes obtained –Further experiments are anticipated

14. Networking Research Testbeds (NRT) Networks that are designed and built by networking researchers for the purpose of advancing networking research. Fully controlled experimental environment. Demonstration of prototype network sw/hw. Deployment of experimental platform, benchmark suite, tools (traffic generators, configuration and deployment tools) integration with simulation and emulation systems. Research examples: -network security (DDOS/worm attack defense) -wireless networking (MANET benchmarking, sensor networking) -new generation of optical networking techniques -overlays (e.g. PLANETLAB)

15. 16 countries: Australia, Canada, CERN/Switzerland, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, UK, US Applications demonstrated: art, bioinformatics, chemistry, cosmology, cultural heritage, education, high-definition media streaming, manufacturing medicine, neuroscience, physics, tele-science Grid technologies demonstrated: Major emphasis on grid middleware, data management grids, data replication grids, visualization grids, teleimmersion grids, data/visualization grids, computational grids, access grids, grid portals 25Gb transatlantic bandwidth (100Mb/attendee, 250x iGrid2000! ) iGrid 2002 September 24-26, 2002, Amsterdam, The Netherlands www.startap.net/igrid2002