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Outline Motivation: the Global Energy Crisis Review current PV technology Inorganic Nanocrystal solar cell Benefits Research results Future potential.

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Presentation on theme: "Outline Motivation: the Global Energy Crisis Review current PV technology Inorganic Nanocrystal solar cell Benefits Research results Future potential."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Outline Motivation: the Global Energy Crisis Review current PV technology Inorganic Nanocrystal solar cell Benefits Research results Future potential NanoPaint™ for charging electric vehicles

3 Global Energy Issues Limited supply of fossil fuels Energy security Political instability Economics Environmental: CO 2, global warming, pollution …. all this combined with an increasing population!

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5 Solar energy that strikes the earth’s surface per hour: 4.3 x 10 20 J World energy consumption in one year: 4.1 x 10 20 J

6 Solar Cell Operation

7 Figures of Merit Open circuit voltage, V OC Short circuit current, I SC Energy conversion efficiency, η Thermodynamic efficiency limit Quantum efficiency, EQE and IQE Maximum power point, P MAX Fill Factor, FF

8 Courtesy of L.L. Kazmerski, NREL PV Progress in Research

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10 Nanocrystal Solar Cell

11 What are nanocrystals ? 2 ~ 10 nm 10 ~ 50 atoms EgEg 1S(e) 1P(e)

12 Why Nanocrystals Solar Cell? Low-Cost Large area Flexible substrate Solution process Printing

13 Assumption in Shockley-Queisser Approach which circumvents assumption ExamplesTheoretical efficiency One photon = one electron-hole pair Multiple absorption path solar cells Impact ionization 42% One quasi-Fermi level separation Multiple energy level solar cells Intermediate band Quantum well solar cells 87% Constant temperature = cell temperature = carrier temperature Multiple temperature solar cells. Hot carrier solar cells 66% Why Nanocrystals Solar Cell ? 30%

14 P3HT/CdSe nanorods Hybrid Wendy U. Huynh, Janke J. Dittmer, A. Paul Alivisatos. Science 295, 2425 (2002) poly-3(hexylthiophene)

15 CdTe/CdSe nanorods Gur I, Fromer N. A, Geier M. L, Alivisatos A. P. Science 2005; 310: 462-465.

16 CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor Inkjet printable Roll-to-Roll

17 CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor Vijay K. Kapur*, Ashish Bansal, Phucan Le, Omar I. Asensio. Thin Solid Films 431 –432 (2003) 53–57

18 CIGS Nanoparticle Precursor

19 Comparison P3HT/CdSe NRCdTe/CdSe NRCIGS NP Isc (mA/cm 2 )5.713.237.337.9 Voc (V)0.70.450.520.44 Fill Factor0.40.490.710.61 Efficiency (%)1.72.913.610.1 SubstrateITO/Glass GlassMo foil PrintabilityPoor Good (inkjet/screen printing) Temperature LowMedium ReliabilityNon-stableAir stableAir Stable EnvironmentalUnfriendly Friendly

20 NanoPaint™ for Solar Car

21 Solar Car North American Solar Challenge Cars drive at speed limit: 65 mph Winning time: 51 hours, 41 minutes, and 53 seconds University of Michigan Solar car University of California Berkeley Solar Car

22 Solar Electric Vehicles Astrolab solar concept car from Venturi Electric Solar cells: 21% efficient 1 Day of sun=11 miles

23 Solar Electric Vehicles 1992 Mazada 929 Luxury Sedan Solar cells run fan to cool car and can recharge the car’s battery

24 Solar Electric Vehicles 2010 Prius Solar roof package: $3,600 Powers fan to cool the interior by 20 degrees Only available for certain models

25 Solar Electric Vehicles Solar Electric Vehicle photovoltaic module 16% efficient, 215 Watts 1 Day of sun =range of 5 to 8 miles $4,000

26 Solar Electric Vehicles Disadvantages of models Cost: single crystalline Weight Structure Solution: Solar Cells based on CIGS nanoparticles “Solar Cell NanoPaint™” Source: http://www.cartuningcentral.com/how-to-paint-a-car

27 Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Our painting process of the CIGS nanoparticle on the solar car was covered by National Geographic Channel

28 Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Market Comparison Solar Electric Vehicles Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Optimized Solar Cell NanoPaint™ MaterialSingle CrystallineCIGS Nanoparticle Efficiency16%10%19% WeightModeratelowLow Area1.507 m 2 7.67 m 2 LifetimeLong-20 yearslong-20 yearsLong-20 years Power Output215 Watts767 Watts1457 Watts Driving range5-8 Miles18-28 Miles34-51 Miles Environmental Hazard moderateLow Cost$4,000low-$2000Lower-$1500

29 Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Market Analysis Increasing hybrid electric vehicle sales will drive demand for Solar Cell NanoPaint™ Market Analysis MarketHybrid Electric vehicles Total number of Vehicles in the US247 Million Number of Hybrid Vehicles currently available in US 1-2 Million Revenue Assuming 1% Conversion of Available Hybrids 40 Million Dollars

30 Hybrid Sales In the US Source: http://www.cartuningcentral.com/how-to-paint-a-car

31 Conclusion Photovoltaics Nanoparticle Systems P3HT/CdSe CdTe/CdSe CIGS nanoparticle CIGS NanoPaint™ Solar Cell Solar hybrid electric vehicle

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