1. SESSION : Mobile Computing and Wireless Communications -- Overview
Framework for discussion
Business drivers: M-Business, M-Government, M-Life
Mobile Applications
Platforms to support mobile commerce
Wireless middleware
Wireless Networks
Cellular networks: from 1 to 3G Networks
Wireless LANs
Satellites
Amjad Umar
Amjad Umar

2. Overview Growing rapidly with many diverse applications
Many strengths but a few weaknesses
Different aspects of mobility:
People (customers, suppliers, employees)
Devices (laptops, palm pilots, beepers, PDA, sensors)
Networks: wireless
Mobile devices and wireless networks are not always same
Amjad Umar

3. The Jargon
Amjad Umar

4. Framework for Discussion
Types of outsourcing
non-IT
e.g., delivery services (e.g., FEDEX) IT
Traditionally
desktop
network services
network management
software development
New “ASP”
web hosting
application software
computing services
Amjad Umar

5. Mobile Computing Applications
Enable the business initiatives by supporting mobility of
Customers
Suppliers and Businesses
Employees
Mobile computing applications
Wireless messaging (e.g., SMS)
Mobile ecommerce (M-Commerce) and its variants
Positional commerce (p-commerce) .
Voice commerce (v-commerce).
Television commerce (T-Commerce)
Mobile ebusiness applications (MEBAs), e.g., M-CRM, M-portal
Specialized applications
Location sensitive apps
Wireless sensor network apps
Mobile agent apps
Two views:
Mobile applications are fundamentally new applications.
Mobility is another dimension of the existing applications
Amjad Umar

6. Mobile Computing Applications Categorization
B2B
C2B, B2C
B2E, E2B
Consumer
Business
Employees
B2G, G2B
C2G, G2C
E2G, G2E
Citizens
Government
Employees
G2G
Amjad Umar

7. Mobile Computing Platforms
Amjad Umar

8. Internet as the Network Platform
Amjad Umar

9. Wireless Web
Amjad Umar

10. WAP(Wireless Application Protocol)
Intended for data entry/display on cellular phones
“An open, global specification that empowers mobile users with wireless devices to
easily access and interact with information and services instantly.”
Complete protocol stack similar to Internet protocols but optimized for wireless
information pull and push transport layer and above; across multiple wireless technologies
Amjad Umar

11. WIRELESS NETWORKS
Different type of wireless networks support mobile computing applications and platforms
Cellular networks
1G to 5G
Wireless LANs (802.11)
Bluetooth
Satellite systems
Fixed Wireless Local loops
Mobile Adhoc Networks
Amjad Umar

12. Amjad Umar

13. Issues unique to wireless Frequency allocation Multiple Access
Amjad Umar

14. A Sample Wireless School
Link to
Public Ethernet C D T1 or
DSL
LAN Server
Wireless LAN Cell
Wireless LAN Cell Y Z
Router
Centrex
Wired Ethernet LAN
X, Y, Z are
access points
for the wireless
Ethernet LANs
Wireless LAN Cell X
A, B, C, D are
student laptops A B
Amjad Umar

15. Bluetooth Founders: Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Nokia, Toshiba; May 98
Currently: Over 850 companies, V1.0 spec issued 7/99
Small form factor, low-cost, short range radio link between mobile PCs, phones and other portable devices
Relatively fast, short packets
Software for service and device discovery
Typical application: cellular phone to PDA or earphone
Forecast: 79% of digital handsets and > 200 million PCs will use Bluetooth by Dataquest
Amjad Umar

16. Bluetooth PSTN Access Point Wired LAN Bluetooth Piconet
Cellular
Network
Wired
LAN
Bluetooth Piconet
(1 Mbps, 10 meters)
Amjad Umar

17. Wireless Local Loops
Amjad Umar

18. A Cellular Network Cell 1 Cell 2 Mobile Telephone Switching Center
(MTSC)
Public
Switched
Telephone
Network
(PSTN)
Cell 2
HLR
VLR
Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Mobile User
Cordless connection
HLR = Home Location Register
VLR = Visitor Location Register
Wired connection
Amjad Umar

19. Cellular networks: What is 3G Anyway?
1G: First generation wireless cellular: Early 1980s
Analog transmission, primarily speech
2G: Second generation wireless cellular: Late 1980s
Digital transmission
Primarily speech and low bit-rate data
High-tier: GSM, IS-95 (CDMA), etc
Low-tier (PCS): Low-cost, low-power, low-mobility e.g. PACS
2.5G: 2G evolved to medium rate (< 100kbps) data
3G: future: Broadband multimedia
144 kbps kbps for high-mobility, high coverage
2 Mbps for low-mobility and low coverage
Amjad Umar

20. Evolution to 3G Data Rates 1980 1990 2000 2010 Years 2 Mbps 3G 1 Mbps
(144Kbps to 2Mbps)
1 Mbps
100 Kbps
2.5G
(10-150Kbps)
10 Kbps 2G
(9.6Kbps)
1 Kbps 1G
(<1Kbps)
1980
1990
2000
2010
Years
Amjad Umar

21. Wireless LANs First generation of products at about 1-2 Mbps
Lucent’s WaveLAN, RadioLAN, etc.
factor of 10 less bandwidth than current Ethernet
Next generation of products at Mbps
factor of 10 less bandwidth than 100 Mbps Ethernet
IEEE standard –
very successful at present (wi-Fi)
Can deliver up to 64 mbps
Important niche and enterprise applications (e.g. hospitals)
Increasing horizontal market interest (e.g. SOHO)
Amjad Umar

22. Satellite Communications
Amjad Umar

23. Other issues Integration Security Management and support
Regulations and standards
Wireless Business and Industry
Amjad Umar

24. Physical Network Elements
Wireless
Telephone
Business
Wireless Data
Network
Business
Wireless
Management Business
Wireless
Consulting
Business
Reference
Model
7. Application
Applications
(e.g., SMS, ,
Wireless Web,
Mobile EC/EB)
Wireless
Telephony
Applications
and
Services
Wireless
Application
and
Platform
Management
Systems
Consulting
6. Presentation
5. Session
4. Transport
IP Data
Network
Routing
PSTN
Routing
3. Network
Wireless
Network
Management
Wireless
Network
Consulting
and
Engineering
Services
Physical Network Elements
2. Data Layer
(Cellular networks,
Wireless LANs, Satellites,
Wireless Local Loops)
Call
Switching
1. Physical
Amjad Umar

25. Summary Mobile applications is a tremendous area of growth
Business drivers such as M-Business are significant
Mobile computing platforms have to handle special cases:
Slow line speeds (19.2 Kbps)
Congestions are usual
More error prone
Different types of wireless networks
Cellular
Wireless LANs
Satellites
Wireless local loops
Many emerging areas: sensor networks, Mobile Adhoc Networks, Free Space Optics
Many issues in Architectures, security and management
Standards work is also progressing in many areas
Amjad Umar