1. MULTIPLEXING APPLICATION The Telephone System

2. Telephone Network

5. Analog Switched Service

6. Analog Leased Service

7. Analog Hierarchy

8. Analog vs Digital Noise immunity –Noise is analog Cost –Digital: 2 signals –Analog: continuous range of signal

10. Switched/56 Service Digital Service Unit (DSU) – changes the rate of data to 56 kbps -encodes the data in the format used by the service provider -More expensive than modem -Has better speed, quality less susceptible to noise

11. Digital data service-DDS Maximum data rate – 64kbps

12. Digital signal (DS) Hierarchy

13. DS Hierarchy DS – 0 –Single digital channel – 64kbps DS – 1 –24 * 64 kbps + 8 kbps overhead = 1.544Mbps –Or any combination that can fit within 1.544Mbps DS – 2 –96 * 64 kbps + 168 kbps overhead = 6.312 Mbps DS – 3 –672 * 64 kbps + 1.368 Mbps overhead = 44.376 Mbps DS – 4 –4032 * 64 kbps + 16.128 Mbps overhead = 274.176 Mbps

14. T-1 Line

15. T-1 Frame

16. Fractional T-1 Line Digital Service Unit/Channel Service unit

17. DS & T Line Rates ServiceLineRate (Mbps) Voice Channels DS - 1T - 11.54424 DS - 2T - 26.31296 DS - 3T - 344.736672 DS - 4T - 4274.1764032

18. E Line Rates LineRate (Mbps) Voice Channels E - 12.04830 E - 28.448120 E - 334.368480 E - 4139.2641920