1. Lance Ellerbe - BS EE Jamal Maduro - BS CpE Peter Rivera - BS ME Anthony Sabido - BS ME 1

2. 2

3. Project Overview Develop a self-contained network of tracked surface drifters for near coastal application. Housing Electronics Power System GPS receiver Radio transceiver Microcontroller Any of these drifters within range of the base station will then be able to send all the information from all other drifters, thus providing a self-contained drifter network. Many such drifters are deployed globally by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as part of the world climate observation program. 3

4. 4 *Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

5. Operational Description 5 Client will take drifters out to the Ochlocknee Bay and release drifters into the water a set time intervals *Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

6. Operational Description 6 Then the drifters will be recovered based on pin pointed locations using the GPS and wireless communication from one another. *Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

7. Electrical Components Microcontroller Radio Transceiver GPS module Battery Data Logger 7

8. General Layout 8

9. Engineer: Jamal Maduro 9

10. Microcontroller 10 CriterionJustification Low operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3V reduces energy consumption Analog to digital (ADC) capabilities with a resolution of at least 8 bits Allows the use of analog thermistors or other analog temperature sensors; Allows for a temperature range of -128 to 127 Fahrenheit or Celsius Dual Inline Packaging (DIP) Facilitates development compatibility with standard breadboards and available low-cost development kits At least 8 Kbytes of non-volatile memory, 256 Bytes of RAM, 16-bit registers Accommodates medium sized low power programs; Accommodates higher accuracy floating point operations (compared to 8-bit) At least 12 general purpose I/O pins Extends the number of controllable devices Extends the number of available interrupt sources Two universal serial interfaces are desired but only one is mandatory Provides easy interface between microcontroller radio module; Provides easy interface between microcontroller and GPS module

11. Microcontroller 11 MSP430 Part # Non-Volatile Memory Capacity Volatile SRAM General Purpose I/O pins ADC (bits) Register size Price for Sort FR57258 kB (FRAM)1 kB16 10 SAR 16bit$2.05 G255316 kB (Flash)512 B16 10 SAR 16bit$0.90 G24528 kB (Flash)256 B16 10 SAR 16bit$0.70

12. Microcontroller 12 MSP430 Part #Additional ProsCons FR5725 According to Texas Instruments FRAM has the following advantages over flash: 1-- Consumes 250 times less power than flash: 9μA @12kB/s versus 220μA @12kB/s for flash 2-- Unified memory block can be dynamically configured as program, data, or info memory 3-- Can write 100 times faster than flash: 1400kB/s @ 730μA versus 12kB/s @ 2200μA 4-- Significantly larger write tolerance than flash: approx. 10 billion times more cycles 5-- Since it uses crystals instead of charge it's not susceptible to radiation 6-- Higher security and robustness due to its virtually undetectable write cycles 7-- Two Universal Serial Connection Interfaces as opposed to only one 1-- Does not have a DIP version 2-- Out of Stock 3-- Not available within time frame for this project G2553 1-- 20 pin DIP version available 2-- Costs less then FRAM 3-- 5 power saving modes 4-- twice as much SRAM as the MPS430G2452 5-- 16MHz clock 6-- 16 kB Flash allows for larger programs in necessary 1-- Only one Universal Serial Interface (Tx Rx) G2452 1-- 20 pin DIP version available 2-- Costs less then FRAM and MSP430G2553 3-- 5 power saving modes 4-- Relatively less power consumption than the MSP430G2452 5-- 16MHz clock 1-- Only one Universal Serial Interface (Tx Rx)

13. 13

14. Radio Transceiver 14 SUMMARRIZED FCC RULES AND REGULATIONS The transmitter output power will be bounded to 1 watt (30 dBm) Effective isotropic radiation power (EIRP) will be bounded to 4 watts (36 dBm) The maximum antennae gain cannot exceed 16 dBi If the transmitter power is 30 dBm then for every 3 dBi over 6 dBi the transmitter power must be reduce by 1 dBm The average time of occupancy at any frequency must not be larger than 0.4 seconds within any 10 second period. ** For FHSS capable systems

15. Radio Transceiver 15

16. Radio Transceiver 16 CriterionJustification Low operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3Vreduces energy consumption FCC compliant for the 915 MHz ISM bandavoid federal infractions and penalties; keep network online Data rate must high enough to transmit necessary information in a timely manner (does not violate FCC rules and regulations) Reduces energy consumption; avoid federal infractions and penalties; keep network online UART communication capabilityallows microcontroller to easily interact with radio module

17. Radio Transceiver 17 Xbee Model Operating Voltage (V) Line of sight Range (km) Mesh Protocol Transmit Power (dBm) High Gain Antenna Range (km) Transmit Current (mA) Receive Current (mA) RF data rate Price Pro 9003.0 - 3.63Yes171021050 154.6 kbps $39.00 Pro XSC (PCB mounted) 3.0 - 3.69.6Yes2015265659.6 kbps$39.00 Xtend2.8 - 5.524Yes306473080 9.6 kbps 155 kbps $179.0 0

18. 18

19. GPS Module 19 $GPRMC, 123519, A, 4807.038, N, 01131.000, E, 022.4, 084.4, 230394, 003.1, W, *6A RMCRecommended Minimum sentence C 123519Fix taken at 12:35:19 UTC AStatus A=active or V=Void. 4807.038,NLatitude 48 deg 07.038' N 01131.000,ELongitude 11 deg 31.000' E 22.4Speed over the ground in knots 84.4Track angle in degrees True 230394Date – 23rd of March 1994 003.1,WMagnetic Variation *6AThe checksum data, always begins with *

20. GPS Criteria 20 CriterionJustification Low operation voltage that does not exceed 3.3V reduces energy consumption Use NMEA protocol easy to work with and interpret; appropriate for marine use Customizable firmware control the output of the GPS data so the microcontroller's work is reduced Fast (low) Cold, Warm, and Hot startsreduces response time; reduces energy consumption UART communication capability allows microcontroller to easily interact with GPS module Accuracy must be within 5 meters increases the chance of retrieval; decreases the time of retrieval; makes data more reliable and usable

21. GPS Criteria 21 Part NameChip Set Hot/ Warm/ Cold Start (s) Acquisitio n Sensitivity (dbm) Operating Voltage (V) Price Accuracy (m) Interface Configurable firmware current draw (mA) Venus634LPxVenus1/29/29-1612.8 - 3.6$39.002.5 (CEP)SPIyes28 Jupiter F2 Sirf Star IV GSD4e 0.5/31/3 3 -1431.75 - 1.9$35.002.5 (CEP) UART, SPI, I2C yes30

22. Engineer: Lance Ellerbe 22

23. Power Systems Overview Low Power Consumption Each must be able to operate on 3.3V maximum. The drifter network will be designed to use the least amount of power when transmitting data The power supply will be selected in order to supply the adequate amount of amp-hours in order to provide enough current for each electrical component to be operational throughout its 15 day deployment. 23

24. Power Systems Current Component Selection PROGRESS: Xbee Operation Voltage: 3.0 -3.6VDC Current Draw: Transmitting current: 256mA Receiving Current: 50 mA Transmission Frequency: every 2.16 min @ 10000 GPS fixes GPS module Will be selected for low power consumption and operate at a maximum of 3.3V. (Based on chart on previous slide the current drawn from GPS is approximately 29mA) Microcontroller Operation Voltage: 1.8V to 3.6V Active mode: 230uA Standby Mode: 0.5uA 24

25. Power Systems Testing/ Verification The testing of this task will include a number of power consumption tests. First, each electrical component will be attached separately to a multimeter or oscilloscope to validate that the component is operating within its electrical specifications. Second, based on the results in the previous step the results can be then used to tweak network parameters such as transmission time or microprocessor algorithms in an attempt to lower power consumption and increase theoretical operation time. 25

26. Power Systems Time of Operation 15 days of operation = 360 hours of operation Required GPS fixes: 10,000 Number of Fixes in 15 days: GPS fix every 2.16 min or 129.9 sec FCC rule: The average time of occupancy at any frequency must not be larger than 0.4 seconds when using the frequency hopping spread spectrum. Maximum current drawn per transmission/reception of all electrical components: Approximately 336mA 26

27. Power Systems Worst Case Scenario: 0.4 sec for each transmission/reception 336 mA for 1.11 hours of ACTIVE operation sleep mode considered negligible (uA range). 336 mA × 1.11 hours = 372.96 mAh Battery needed would be something with 3.3 V and greater than 372.96 mAh 27

28. Power Systems Criteria for Making Battery Selection: Run Time Volts (Power) Amp-Hour Rating Rechargeable Life Cycle Temperature of Operation 28

29. Power Systems Power supply considerations: (1)Lithium Ion Lithium Manganese Nickel Lithium Polymer Nickel Cadmium (NiCad) Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) Photovoltaics 29

30. Power Systems Lithium Ion Battery: These batteries are able to handle excessive current applications. Lithium batteries are great for long-term use. Lithium batteries also perform well in extreme temperatures. Increased life cycles over Nickel cadmium (NiCad) and Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. Lithium ion batteries are also cheaper to manufacture than lithium polymer batteries, so when cost is a factor, lithium ion is the choice. Much lower self-discharge rate than Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries. Wide variety of shapes and sizes efficiently fitting the devices they power. 30

31. Power Systems Ideal Battery Configuration Parallel configuration would be ideal to increase the amount of Amp- Hours to supply the adequate amount of current to Microcontroller, GPS module and Radio Transceiver for a 15 day period. 31 EXAMPLE

32. Power Systems Voltage regulation If battery chosen has a nominal voltage of more than 3.3 V, a voltage regulator will need to be implemented to maximize battery life and supply the correct operating voltage to the components. 32

33. Power Systems PCB protection Lithium Ion batteries must connect to a protection circuit module to protect Li-Ion Battery from overcharge, over discharge and to prevent accidental battery explosion due to its extra high energy density. 33

34. Power Systems LiMnNi Rechargeable 26650 Cell Nominal Voltage3.7 V Capacity 4000mAh (4.20V cut-off) Operation Temperature Discharging: - 20 o C (-4F) - 60 o C (140F) Cell Max. Discharging current 10 A Energy density 163.17 wh/kg 34 Xeno AA Size 3.6V Lithium Battery XL- 060F Nominal Voltage3.7 V Capacity 2400mAh (2.0V cut- off) Operation Temperature Discharging: -55 o C - 85 o C (140F) Max. Discharging current 100mA Once all component selection has been finalized, the battery will be chosen based the voltage needed and the highest mAh that can be found.

35. Engineers: Anthony Sabido and Peter Rivera 35

36. Hull Design Increase water drag while decreasing wind drag Watertight Resist corrosion in saltwater Survive light to medium impacts on potentially sharp objects Easily duplicated 36

37. Legacy Casing 37 *Picture courtesy of FSU Marine Lab

38. Hull Design Semi-spherical shape. The electric components will be stored in the center Top will be as flat as possible. 38

39. Hull Design 39 Low weight High stability Easy to Seal Easily Fabricated Low Cost

40. Hull Components Base Lack of edges reduces snagging. 3 Piece design reduces materials and simplifies fabrication. Allows for foam filling. Top Flat panel top decrease vertical profile. Simple sealing process. Quick component access. 40

41. Base 41

42. Exploded View 42 Six screws fasten the top to the base. Sealing achieved by 1 main rubber seal and 6 rubber coated washers.

43. Hull Assembly 43

44. Issues Encountered Fastening Need aluminum ring to secure the top. 44 Veck Female Bonding Fastener

45. Issues Encountered Fastening Excessive torque Solutions Bonding Fasteners Torque Key 45 Ritchey Carbon Torque Key - Cycle Club Sports

46. Specifications Waterproof to 5m (CAP-04 & REQF-06). Low profile to reduce wind drag (CAP-06). Painted to camouflage with the water (CAP-07). Maximum weight of 0.5 kg (REQF-04). Overall height less than 10 cm (REQF-05). 46

47. Hull Testing Water tightness Floatation 47

48. Hull Testing Vibration testing will be done on a vibration table, where the drifter will be shaken at a variety of frequencies for endurance. 48

49. 49

50. Project Overview - Timeline 50

51. Project Overview - Timeline 51

52. Budget ExpensesQuantityUnit PriceTotal Microcontroller8 $ 2.17 $ 17.36 Development Board1 $ 4.35 Radio Transceiver5 $ 39.00 $ 195.00 Radio Antenna5 $ 8.00 $ 40.00 Printed Board5 $ 15.10 $ 75.50 GPS Module5 $ 22.95 $ 114.75 GPS Antenna5 $ 39.95 $ 199.75 Thermistor5 $ 10.00 $ 50.00 Battery15 $ 3.00 $ 45.00 Fiberglass50 sq ft $ 4.74/sq ft $ 237.00 Fiberglass Resin1 gal $ 96.99 Fiberglass Hardener0.86 qt $ 42.99 Expenses Total $ 1,118.69 52

53. 53

54. 54 Technical Report: “Surface Circulation Study of Waters Near Ochlockonee Bay, Florida” - Peter Lazarevich and Dr. Kevin Speer Project Description : “Tracking the coastal waters: a wireless network of shallow water drifters” - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering

55. 55

56. Network – (Legacy Network) 56

57. Network – (Revised Network) 57