1. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze The OAI Object Re-Use & Exchange (ORE) Initiative Herbert Van de Sompel (1) & Carl Lagoze (2) (1) Research Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory (2) Information Science, Cornell University OAI-ORE is supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation with additional support of the National Science Foundation

2. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange OAI-ORE is a new effort conducted under the umbrella of the OAI International effort; October 2006 - September 2008: o Coordinators: Carl Lagoze & Herbert Van de Sompel o ORE Technical Committee: 13 international members o ORE Liaison Group: 8 international members o ORE Advisory Committee: 16 international members o Representing: scholarly publishers and aggregators, eScience, eHumanities, education, search engines, various repository systems, digital library efforts, related standardization efforts, etc. See http://www.openarchives.org/ore/http://www.openarchives.org/ore/

3. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Compound Information Objects Units of scholarly communication are compound information objects: Identified, bounded aggregations of related information units that form a logical whole. id compound information objects

4. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Examples of Compound Information Objects Scholarly publication with an article and supporting information including dataset, video, etc. Digitized book with multiple chapters, each chapter containing multiple scanned pages. Archaeological assemblies of images, maps, charts, and find lists. An ARTstor image object that is the aggregation of various renderings of the same source image. …

5. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Compound Information Objects Units of scholarly communication are compound information objects: Components of a compound object may vary according to: Semantic type: o Text o Still image o Moving image o Datasets o Software o Bibliographic and other types of metadata o … Media type: o PDF o HTML o JPEG o Mp3 o …

6. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Access Repositories Compound objects are made accessible by a variety of scholarly repositories: Institutional repositories Discipline-oriented repositories Publisher repositories Dataset repositories Cultural heritage repositories Learning object repositories Digitized book and manuscript collections Research-group and managed personal (ePortfolio) repositories …

7. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Access Repositories Repositories expose compound objects in manners specific to the repository architecture: Interfaces (API & user-oriented) Identification schemes Representation of compound objects Mapping of compound objects and components to the Web

8. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Systems that manage digital objects Institutional repositories Research-group and managed personal (ePortfolio) repositories Discipline-oriented repositories Publisher repositories Dataset repositories Cultural heritage repositories Learning object repositories Digitized book and manuscript collections Systems that leverage managed digital objects All repositories from left column Search engines Authoring tools Citation management tools Collaborative environments Social network applications Graph analysis tools Preservation services Workflow tools … OAI-ORE Standards Protocols

9. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Working with the Web architecture Whatever we do it must be congruent with the Web architecture o Use existing capabilities where they are appropriate o Cleanly layer capabilities meeting the needs of our problem space

10. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 1 Components of compound object must be mapped to resources in order to be reference-able

11. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 2 In the mapping from components to resources, the boundary of the originating compound object is lost

12. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 3 Map the compound object to a resource with a representation that formally expresses the boundaries of the object Machine readable

13. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 4 Allow for discovery of that representation (and hence of the compound object) by Web applications HTTP LINK HEADER

14. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 4 bis Allow for discovery of that representation (and hence of the compound object) by Web applications

15. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Observation 5 This approach reveals compound objects in the Web graph

16. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange A core goal of OAI-ORE is to develop standardized, interoperable, and machine-readable mechanisms by which individual repositories can map and thereby expose compound objects to the Web. These mechanisms will allow Web applications to reconstruct: o The boundaries of compound objects o The relationships among their internal components o Their relationship to other resources on the Web

17. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze OAI Object Re-Use and Exchange Develop, identify, and profile extensible standards and protocols to allow repositories, agents, and services to interoperate in the context of use and reuse of compound digital objects beyond the boundaries of the holding repositories. Aim for more effective and consistent ways: o to facilitate discovery of these objects, o to reference (link to) these objects (and parts thereof), o to obtain a variety of disseminations of these objects, o to aggregate and disaggregate these objects, o Enable processing by automated agents

18. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Questions

19. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Compound object from aDORe repository

20. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze DC component of compound object

21. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze MPEG-21 DIDL component of compound object

22. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Zotero discovers a pointer to a Canonical Representation of the compound object

23. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Zotero parses the Canonical Representation and lets the user select components

24. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze Zotero now holds a derived compound object with multiple components

25. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze … A DIDL component

26. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze … a BIOSIS XML component

27. Object Re-Use and Exchange Mellon Retreat, Nassau Inn, Princeton, NJ, March 29 2007 Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze … a DC component