1. The Route To Europe

4. Three waves of migration through Turkey 1) 1979-87 (mostly Iranians); 2) 1988-93 (Iraqi Kurds); 3) 1994 onwards (diversified)

5. Turkey: Number of Arrests 1998:98 1999:187 2000:850 2001:1,155

6. The Economics of People Smuggling Average person pays $2,500 to be smuggle to Europe from Iraq or Iran. $2,500 X 200,000 = half a billion dollars a year.

7. Migrant Sampling Would consider return to home country if political situation improved: Iraq– 76.9%; Iran–84.6%; Afghanistan–71.4%;

8. Migrant Sampling (Cont.) Would consider return to home country if Economic situation improved: Iraq–46.2% Iran–7.7% Afghanistan–14.3%