1. BELLWORK 1/29 Describe the role of the UN in the Falklands War.
List three results of the Falklands War for Argentina.
List three results of the Falklands War for Britain.
List three results of the Falklands War for the Islanders.
THINKER: How did the UN response to the Falklands War compare to the League of Nations response to the Ruhr Crisis? Explain!

2. Limited War Case Study #2
The Gulf War ( )
Limited War Case Study #2

3. Brief Overview of the Gulf War
2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991
Operation Desert Storm
Started when Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait
Immediate response and involvement by the US and UN
Biggest fighting coalition since WWII (mostly US, UK, Saudi Arabia & Egyptian forces)
Fought in 2 stages – aerial bombardment & ground assault
Fighting contained to Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi border
Iraq used missiles at Coalition bases throughout Saudi Arabia & Israel
UN Resolution 687 implemented cease-fire
Issues over enforcement would lead to another outbreak of war 12 years later

4. Saddam Hussein 5th president of Iraq; 1979-2003
Leading member of the revolutionary Ba’ath party (advocated Arab nationalism & Arab socialism)
Played a key role in the military coup that brought his party to power in 1968
Positions of power were held by Sunni Muslims (only 1/5 of population in Iraq)

8. Saddam Hussein’s Family; mid-1980s

9. Saddam Hussein Once in power, Saddam……..
Built up military forces (By 1987, 4th largest in the world)
Moved all economic activity under government control
Nationalized the oil industry
Increased oil prices in the 1970’s = rapid economic and social development of Iraq
Execution of government officials
Notorious for using chemical weapons (both in Iran & against the Kurds)
Intense opposition to Israel
Had arsenal of missiles, nuclear program was underway and additional chemical weapons in development

10. Saddam promoted women’s literacy and education in the 1970’s

11. According to Forbes, Saddam was worth $2 billion in 2003
According to Forbes, Saddam was worth $2 billion in That’s four times more than the Queen of England!
Shortly before he invaded Kuwait, he shipped 100 new Mercedes 200 Series cars to top officials in Egypt & Jordan.

12. Poison Gas attack against a Kurdish village; 1988

13. Causes of the Gulf War Long Term Causes Short Term Causes
Iran-Iraq War
Decline of Soviet influence
Saddam Hussein’s attempt to expand his influence in the region
Western support for Saddam
Short Term Causes
Iraq’s economic position by 1990
US failure to give stronger position on Saddam’s actions
Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait
Triggers for War
Limited impact of sanctions
Failure of negotiations
The US need to keep the coalition together
Saddam’s miscalculations

14. Homework
Tonight your reading will focus on the causes of the Gulf War.
Read pgs
Be ready to discuss tomorrow!

15. Causes of the Gulf War
Long Term Causes
Iran-Iraq War
Decline of Soviet influence
Saddam Hussein’s attempt to expand his influence in the region
Western support for Saddam
Short Term Causes
Iraq’s economic position by 1990
US failure to give stronger position on Saddam’s actions
Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait
Triggers for War
Limited impact of sanctions
Failure of negotiations
The US need to keep the coalition together
Saddam’s miscalculations
For the causes, explain why it was such a problem and how it led to the Gulf War.

16. BELLWORK 1/30
For bellwork today, I’m going to test your document analysis skills! Read documents A-D on pages
Next, respond to questions 1-5 for bellwork.
Be ready to discuss!

17. Why Kuwait?
During the Iran-Iraq War, Kuwait was one of Iraq’s closest allies……so what happened? Why Kuwait?
In 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling
Iraq's inability to pay more than $80 billion that had been borrowed to finance the Iran–Iraq war (Iraq requested the debt be forgiven due to economic troubles – Kuwait refused)
Kuwaiti overproduction of petroleum kept revenues down for Iraq.
Estimated that between 1985 and 1989, Iraq lost $14 billion a year due to Kuwait's oil price strategy. Kuwait's refusal to decrease its oil production was viewed as an act of aggression by Iraq.

18. Rumaila Oil Field Iraq accused Kuwait of using slant drilling across the international border in order to illegally obtain oil.
IRAQ
Rumaila Oil Field
KUWAIT

19. Invasion of Kuwait August 2, 1990
Saddam used 100,000 soldiers and 2,000 tanks
Within 12 hours, the Kuwaiti royal family fled and Iraq took control
Declared Kuwait the 19th province of Iraq
The invasion resulted in the seven-month long occupation of Kuwait, and led to direct military intervention by American-led forces in the Gulf War
Also caused the torching of 600 Kuwaiti oil wells

20. Iraqi tanks firing on Kuwaiti strongholds; movement of American tanks

21. More than 600 Kuwaiti oil wells were set on fire by the Iraqi forces causing massive environmental and economic damage to Kuwait

24. Justification for invasion of Kuwait
Iraqi government claimed……
Kuwait was a natural part of Iraq carved off as a result of British imperialism
The Kuwaiti Emir (title for high-serving official) was a highly unpopular figure among the Kuwaiti people.
By overthrowing the Emir, it granted Kuwaitis greater economic and political freedom.
Jaber III al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah.
Kuwaiti Emir, Jaber III ruled from and was forced into exile in Saudi Arabia after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.

25. International Response
UN established sanctions
August 8 – US troops are deployed to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield)
August 10 – Arab League authorized the dispatch of Arab forces to Saudi Arabia
November – UN Security Council authorized the use, of any necessary measures to secure the removal of Iraq from Kuwait (Desert Storm) – starting 1/15/91

27. President George Bush – March 1991:
“What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea — a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law”

28. HOMEWORK Read pgs. 215-219 in the Gulf War packet
Focus on strategies used to fight the Gulf War on sea, land and air.