1.  Turn in your homework.  Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  In your opinion, can there/will there every be peace between Israel and Palestine? Briefly explain.

2. Today’s LEQ: How have regional issues contributed to conflicts in the Middle East?

3.  Over the last few decades major conflicts have erupted in the Middle East  Regional issues contributing to these conflicts:  Conflict between Israel and its neighbors  Growth of Islamism  Disputes over natural resources

4.  Islamism = a movement to reorder gov’t and society according to Islamic laws  Islamists believe Muslim countries strayed away from the path of true Islam  Anti-Western  Extremists have used violence to bring about the changes they want

5.  By the 1970s, Iran was modernized  The shah had close ties to Western governments and oil companies  Anti-Western Islamists opposed the shah

6.  Protests were led by Shiite religious leader, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini  Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims – differ on who was to lead the Muslim nation after the death of Muhammad  Sunni = majority (85%); Shiite = minority (15%)  By 1979, the shah fled Iran  Iran became an Islamist republic with Khomeini as its leader  Enforced strict social and religious values

7.  In 1979, the shah went to the U.S. for medical treatment  Iranian revolutionaries took 66 Americans hostage and demanded the shah be returned to Iran for trial  Held for over a year!

8.  Saddam Hussein assumed control of Iraq in 1979  Supported secular government over sharia (rule by Islamic law)  Feared Khomeini would gain support from Iraq’s majority Shiite population and overthrow his regime  Also at odds with Iran over the Shatt al- Arab waterway

9.  In 1980, Iraq (Saddam Hussein) attacked Iran  Iran was an enemy of U.S. b/c of hostage crisis; we supported Iraq  Turned into a war of attrition – 500,000 dead on both sides  Iran and Iraq agreed to a cease-fire in 1988; ends in stalemate

10.  Grab a textbook and turn to page 562-563  Start working on Iranian Revolution Document Based Investigation  Complete questions for Documents 1-4 (skip essay question)

11.  Oil wealth allowed economic development but also major source of conflict  Some governments used oil revenues to build up military and threaten their neighbors  Led outside nations to become involved

13.  1978, Afghanistan in a civil war between Afghan communists and Islamists  Soviet Union feared overthrow of a friendly, communist neighbor and invaded  Rebel forces led by Osama bin Laden fought to take back control (armed by weapons from the U.S.)  By 1988, the Soviets left; series of civil wars ensued with the Taliban taking control by 1996

14.  Early 1990, Iraq deep in debt from Iran-Iraq War – largest creditor was Kuwait, which had huge oil reserves  Hussein accused Kuwait of drilling in Iraqi oil field & launched invasion in August 1990

15.  UN & U.S. intervened  War only lasted Jan. to Feb. of 1991.  Retreating Iraqi’s set fire to oil wells in Kuwait

16.  After attacks on 9/11 Pres. Bush declared “Global War on Terror”  Term to describe military, political, diplomatic, and economic measures employed by U.S. and other allies against those committing terrorists acts  Unconventional conflict – no boundaries, specific enemy, or clear end

17.  9/11 terror attacks linked to Al Qaeda who received aid and shelter from Taliban regime in Afghanistan  October 2001, U.S. and coalition forces invaded Afghanistan to capture bin Laden, destroy Al Qaeda, and overthrow the Taliban

18.  Results?  In May 2011, Bin Laden was found and killed in Pakistan  Taliban overthrown; Afghanistan had first presidential election in 2004  Taliban still poses serious challenges for newly established Afghan government  Obama recently announced withdrawal of all U.S. troops by 2014  Your opinion – Should we have invaded? What is Afghanistan’s future?

19.  In 2003, the U.S. suspected Iraq of hiding weapons of mass destruction that could be supplied to terrorist  Hussein failed to fully comply with UN search, so U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq

20.  Results?  Invasion was extremely controversial – no ties to Al Qaeda or weapons of mass destruction found; support for George W. Bush and War on Terror declined  Hussein caught, tried, and executed in 2006  Constitutional government set up with universal suffrage; most recent election was in 2010  U.S. troops were removed by December 2011  Your opinion – Should we have invaded? What is Iraq’s future?

22.  Answer on your warm up/exit ticket sheet:  List and briefly describe three major sources of conflict in the Middle East  Creation of Israel:  Islamism:  Oil: