1. Humanitarian impact of other situations of violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador February to April 2014 (Photos from different sources, for internal use only)

2. BACKGROUND:  Impact of OSV critical in the TNCA: NRC requested technical support from ACAPS (NRC + Save the Children + AAH)  2-person team deployed to Panama and NTCA for three months: conducting SDR (300+ documents, videos and news) and KI interviews (90+) OBJECTIVES 1.To improve the understanding of the humanitarian impacts of violence on the lives of the affected population, using a multi-sectoral approach and considering both direct and indirect effects. 2.To identify and propose specific sectoral indicators to measure these impacts (identifying available sources at national or regional level). 3.To provide an analytical framework (for humanitarian actors to decide on the relevance of humanitarian responses ) and to recommend next steps BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

3. HOMICIDES RATES WORLDWIDE (2012)

4. 2013 EPIDEMIC LEVELS OF VIOLENCE IN THE TNCA: 2013: 15,000 Homicides = 41.9 homicides per day (143,588 homicides reported 2004 to 2013. Population 29.7 million people)

5. TNCA HOMICIDE TRENDS (2004 - 2013)

6. OSV CONTEXT: SIMILARITIES WITH ARMED CONFLICT  High levels of violence and criminality, high presence and use of weapons.  Large numbers of injuries caused by firearms (war wounds)  Frequent confrontations (among gangs and with the security forces)  Physical and sexual abuse, torture, extortion, kidnappings, disappearances  Lack of state rule, high levels of corruption and impunity  Curfews (unofficial), invisible borders, movement restrictions, confinement  Areas with no state presence/control  Population living in fear of violent death and crime  Limited/no access to health and other basic services, protection and justice  Forced recruitment (youth and children)  Forced displacement (national and international)  High expenditure in security (public and private expenditure)  Security big business  Access restrictions to assist people in red areas.  Loss of public spaces

7. Humanitarian impact of other situations of violence in the Northern Triangle of Central America (NTCA) Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador (ECHO meeting 23/06/14) (Photos from different sources, for internal use only)

8. OSV IMPACT: FORCED DISPLACEMENT

9. OSV IMPACT: VULNERABLE GROUPS IDPS, refugees and asylum seekers, irregular migrants Young women vulnerable to abuse (sexual, physical and mental), young man vulnerable to homicide, (victim and perpetrators Children, youth (unaccompanied IDPS and irregular migrants) Older people LGTBI population People living with disability, chronically ill LHH: small traders and business, people working in public transport Need to profile the different affected population groups to understand their needs better and inform humanitarian actions and response options in the different geographical areas. Work in coordination with development actors

10. MEASURING THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT OF OSV: CHALLENGES  Underreporting and finding indicators that measure OSV specific impact (health, displacement, education, etc.  Limitations in access and self-censorship in red areas: Problem and affected population often remain invisible  Lack of evidence to inform humanitarian decisions/responses  Lack of coordination and approaches among humanitarian actors (links with development, academia, governments)  Lack of standardised and agreed monitoring systems  Lack of standardised indicators and data collection methodology  Many sources using different methodology and indicator definitions  Limited capacity/willingness to share resources  No expertise and OSV monitoring competencies

11. MEASURING THE HUMANITARIAN IMPACT: OSV ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

12. Generate and use evidence to: 1. Advocate and increase awareness of OSV humanitarian needs 2. Inform humanitarian response and coordination 3. Action generating new evidence Increase awareness of the situation Humanitarian needs response EvidenceAdvocacy NEXT STEPS: